<p>Cardioprotective Effect of Monoammonium Glycyrrhizinate Injection Against Myocardial Ischemic Injury in vivo and in vitro: Involvement of Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Regulating Ca²⁺ Homeostasis by L-Type Calcium Channels</p>

Abstract

Monoammonium glycyrrhizinate (MAG) is an aglycone of glycyrrhizin that is found in licorice and is often used clinically as an injection to treat liver diseases. However, the effect of MAG injection on cardiac function and its possible cellular mechanisms remain unclear. We explored the protective effects of MAG against myocardial ischemic injury (MII) induced by isoproterenol (ISO), as well as the cellular mechanisms via molecular biology techniques and patch-clamp recording. Methods: A rat model of myocardial ischemia injury was induced by administering ISO (85 mg/kg) subcutaneously for 2 consecutive days. ECG, cardiac functional parameters, CK and LDH levels, SOD and GSH activities, MDA concentration, histological myocardium inspection, mitochondria ultrastructure changes, intracellular calcium concentrations were observed. Influences of MAG on I Ca-L and contraction in isolated rat myocytes were observed by the patch-clamp technique. Results: MAG reduced damage, improved cardiac morphology, inhibited oxidative stress, decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decreased intracellular Ca 2+ concentration. Exposure of the rats' ventricular myocytes to MAG resulted in a concentrationdependent reduction in L-type calcium currents (I Ca-L). MAG reduced I Ca-L in a consistent and time-dependent fashion with a semi-maximal prohibitive concentration of MAG of 14 μM. MAG also shifted the I-V curve of I Ca-L upwards and moved the activation and inactivation curves of I Ca-L to the left. Conclusion: The findings indicate that MAG injection exerts a protective influence on ISOinduced MII by inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating Ca 2+ homeostasis by I Ca-L .

<p>Down-Regulation of ZEB1 by miR-199a-3p Overexpression Restrains Tumor Stem-Like Properties and Mitochondrial Function of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer</p>

“…Mitochondria injury was further validated with mitochondria oxidative stress marker SOD and MDA, and membrane damage indicator LDH in transfected A549 cells. 21,22 As expected, activity of SOD, MDA and LDH exhibited the same trend with JC-1 labeled flow cytometry (Figure 4B, *p<0.05 versus control, and # p<0.05 versus miR-199a-3p or pcDNA-ZEB1). Overexpression of miR-199a-3p decreased activity of SOD, and this was partly alleviated with co-transfection of ZEB1.…”

Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate Alleviates Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Contribution of Nrf2 and TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

“… 30 Zhao et al have demonstrated that monoammonium glycyrrhizinate, an aglycone of glycyrrhizin that can be extracted from liquorice, provides protection against ISO-induced MI damage (in vivo and in vitro). 31 Furthermore, we found that MgIG can reduce the concentration of intracellular calcium ions and the contractility of myocardial cells by inhibiting the L-type calcium current of myocardial cells, which has a similar effect to calcium antagonists. 32 However, to our knowledge, no study has explored the protection offered by MgIG in ATO-induced cardiotoxicity or the underlying mechanism.…”

“…Previous studies have reported that MgIG has strong myocardial protections, including anti-myocardial fibrosis, anti-myocardial ischemia (MI), and infarction. 30 , 31 Among them, Ma et al demonstrated that MgIG could reduce myocardial fibrosis in mice induced by isoproterenol (ISO), and the protective effects might be relevant to the decreased expression levels of NF-κB. 30 Zhao et al have demonstrated that monoammonium glycyrrhizinate, an aglycone of glycyrrhizin that can be extracted from liquorice, provides protection against ISO-induced MI damage (in vivo and in vitro).…”

The potential of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract in combating COVID-19 and associated conditions

“…However, Upadhyay and his colleagues suggested that the antioxidant property of licorice extract play a crucial role in the cardioprotective effect and preserving the cardiomyocytes health by licorice extract against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity ( Upadhyay et al, 2020 ). The inhibiting of oxidative stress and regulating Ca 2+ homeostasis by L-Type Calcium Channels are responsible for the cardioprotective activity of monoammonium glycyrrhizinate injection against ISO-induced myocardial ischemia ( Zhao et al, 2020 ).…”