<p>Chronic Kidney Disease And Associated Risk Factors Among Cardiovascular Patients</p>

Abstract

BackgroundChronic kidney diseases (CKDs) are known in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cause extra morbidity and mortality. There were few related studies in Africa, and no such studies exist in Ethiopia.ObjectiveTo determine the magnitude of chronic kidney disease and associated risk factors among cardiovascular (CV) patients.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 163 CV patients attending Tikur-Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Ethiopia. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined using the Simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. Body weight, height, and blood pressure were recorded, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Serum urea and creatinine were analyzed using an automatic analyzer (MINDRAY, BE-2000), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was calculated.ResultsIn this study, CKD, defined as estimated GFR (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 was found in 39 (23.9%) participants using the MDRD equation. Normal serum creatinine (SCr) was observed in 114 (69.9%) participants and proteinuria was found in 41 (25.2%) participants. CKD was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (COR: −0.240, 95% CI: −0.439 to −0.041, p = 0.018), SCr (COR: −0.679; 95% CI: −0.778 to −0.580; p = 0.001) and BUN (COR: −0.422; 95% CI: −0.550 to −0.295; p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, only high SCr (AOR = 47.57; 95% CI: 13.72–164.89; p = 0.001) was independently associated with CKD.ConclusionThese findings indicated that the CKD was significantly associated with SBP and increased BUN, while independently associated with increased SCr. Thus, early detection and recognition of CKD in-patient with CVD helps to avoid extra morbidity and mortality. We recommend using the MDRD formula in health facilities for diagnosing of CKD to reduce duplication of laboratory tests (SCr and BUN), as it is the easiest practice and saves patients and the public sector costs.

Burden and determinants of chronic kidney disease among diabetic patients in Ethiopia: A systematic Review and Meta-analysis, 2020

“…Regarding to study design, eight studies were cross-sectional study design [16-19, 25, 28-30], one case-control [31], and one retrospective cohort study design [32]. The studies were conducted from 2010 [29] to 2019 [18,19] in various regions of the country. An overall 3091 diabetic patients were participated in this study.…”

“…The sample sizes ranged from minimum of 163 [19] to maximum of 435 [32] participants from study conducted in Addis Ababa. Of the ten studies included in the nal analysis, four in Addis Ababa [19,28,30,32], two in Oromia region [18,29], Two in Amhara region [16,17], One in SNNP region [25] and One in Tigrai region [31] (Table 1). Burden of chronic kidney disease among diabetic patients in Ethiopia…”

“…To observe the pooled effect of hypertension history on chronic kidney disease, ve studies were selected in nal meta-analysis [17,19,28,31,32]. Since, high heterogeneity was observed (I 2 = 81.7, P=value < 0.001), a random effects model was used to report the effect of hypertension on chronic kidney disease.…”

“…CKD is a global health burden with a high economic cost to health systems [9]. In high income countries, about 0.03% of their population spend more than 2-3% of their annual health-care budget on the treatment of end-stage renal disease [10].…”

“…Globally, factors such as increase in age [7,16,17], type II DM [17], hypertensive patients [7,[17][18][19], poor knowledge about the disease [18], living with diabetes for longer duration [7,17,18], increased BMI [17] and obesity [7] are important contributing factors for the occurrence of chronic kidney disease.…”