<p>Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes Among COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Conditions: A Retrospective Single-Center Study</p>

Abstract

Evidence to date suggests that having chronic conditions increases the probability of severe illness from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thus, it is essential to identify the features of those patients. The purpose of this research was to identify the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with chronic conditions. Patients and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional single-center study was conducted using electronic medical records of hospitalized COVID-19 patients between March 1, 2020, and May 20, 2020. Patients' basic information, laboratory test, clinical data, medications, and outcome data have been extracted and compared among three groups: patients without chronic conditions, patients with one chronic condition, and patients with two or more chronic conditions. Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test, and the Mann-Whitney U-test were used. Results: The study population was 458 patients, with an average age of 38.8 years (standard deviation (SD) 12.8). There were 398 (86.9%) males in the study population, most of them with one chronic condition. There were 14 (14.3%) smokers, and the majority of them were among patients with two or more chronic conditions. Longer hospital stay and time in the intensive care unit (ICU), a higher probability of ICU admission, and the need for mechanical ventilation were identified among patients with two or more chronic conditions. Dyspnea, an increased level of platelet counts, and a reduction in hemoglobin levels were discovered among patients with two or more chronic conditions. Conclusion: Patients with more chronic conditions were at higher risk of yielding poor clinical outcomes. Prevention and treatment of infections in these patients merit more attention.

Demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes among young and middle-aged COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia

“…According to preliminary international COVID-19 reports, the clinical manifestations are heterogeneous. The most common comorbidities reported in COVID-19 patients are diabetes (10-12%), hypertension (10-15%), and other vascular and cerebrovascular diseases (7-40%) ( Alguwaihes et al, 2020 , Almalki et al, 2020 , Al Mutair et al, 2020 , Al-Omari et al, 2020 , Alqahtani et al, 2020 , Guan et al, 2020 , Huang et al, 2020 ; X. Li et al, 2020; Liu et al, 2020 , Sanyaolu et al, 2020 , Shah et al, 2020 , Sheshah et al, 2021 ; Z. Wang et al, 2020; Xu et al, 2020 ). Various studies have indicated that 20-51% of COVID-19 patients have at least one comorbidity ( Guan et al, 2020 , Huang et al, 2020 ; X. Li et al, 2020; Liu et al, 2020 , Sanyaolu et al, 2020 , Schoen et al, 2019 , Shah et al, 2020 ; D. Wang et al, 2020; Z. Wang et al, 2020; Xu et al, 2020 ).…”

Optimizing testing regimes for the detection of COVID-19 in children and older adults

“…Additionally, a 5–7 days virus incubation period is also required before screening or confirmatory immunodiagnostic tests [ 103 , 104 ]. Hence, the following parameters need to be optimized for an efficient disease prophylaxis in vulnerable children and older adults [ 105 , 106 ]: Repetitive testing time for COVID-19 management at home and hospital set-up, pre-analytical parameters such as storage condition and media for samples, optimization of antigen or antibody targets as target changes with age and most importantly, if multiple antibodies can be detected, immunodiagnostic tests must be highly specific for every single antibody. If successful, immunodiagnostic tests can be beneficial for seroprevalence studies and generated data can act as a standardized scale for effective detection methods.…”

Severe COVID-19 and Sepsis: Immune Pathogenesis and Laboratory Markers

“…Increased coagulation and elevated D-dimer levels were associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19 [ 51 ]. Additionally, a substantial proportion of patients who developed sepsis and severe COVID-19 had comorbidities, including diabetes and chronic lung disease [ 79 ]. Patients presenting with bacterial sepsis and patients with COVID-19 had similar patterns of MOF.…”