<p>Commensal Microbiota Regulation of Metabolic Networks During Olfactory Dysfunction in Mice</p>

Abstract

Introduction: Recently, an increasing number of studies have focused on commensal microbiota. These microorganisms have been suggested to impact human health and disease. However, only a small amount of data exists to support the assessment of the influences that commensal microbiota exert on olfactory function. Methods: We used a buried food pellet test (BFPT) to investigate and compare olfactory functions in adult, male, germ-free (GF) and specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice, then examined and compared the metabolomic profiles for olfactory bulbs (OBs) isolated from GF and SPF mice to uncover the mechanisms associated with olfactory dysfunction. Results: We found that the absence of commensal microbiota was able to influence olfactory function and the metabolic signatures of OBs, with 38 metabolites presenting significant differences between the two groups. These metabolites were primarily associated with disturbances in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, amino acid metabolism, and purine catabolism. Finally, the commensal microbiota regulation of metabolic networks during olfactory dysfunction was identified, based on an integrated analysis of metabolite, protein, and mRNA levels. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the absence of commensal microbiota may impair olfactory function and disrupt metabolic networks. These findings provide a new entry-point for understanding olfactory-associated disorders and their potential underlying mechanisms.

Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-Mass Spectrometry Analysis for Metabolic Communication between Heart and Kidney in Adriamycin-Induced Nephropathy Rats

“…For patients with cardiopulmonary failure, glycerolipid metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism are all related metabolic pathways implicated in oxidative stress, lactic acidosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction [24]. In addition, arginine plays a key role in regulating cardiovascular dysfunction [25-28]. Both hypoxanthine and guanine are related to purine metabolism.…”

The coming future: The role of the oral–microbiota–brain axis in aroma release and perception

“…According to meticulous analysis, the abundances of 38 metabolites were identified as showing significant differences between germ-free mice and specific pathogen-free mice (Wang et al, 2020). In another notable study, Casadei et al found that germ-free zebrafish exhibited similar effects, as their OE displayed evident pseudostratification defects (Casadei et al, 2019).…”

“…In addition, the metabolic signatures of olfactory bulbs underwent significant alterations. According to meticulous analysis, the abundances of 38 metabolites were identified as showing significant differences between germ‐free mice and specific pathogen‐free mice (Wang et al., 2020). In another notable study, Casadei et al.…”

Comprehensive analysis of the gut microbiome and post-translational modifications elucidates the route involved in microbiota-host interactions

“…Although the exact mechanisms involved remain unclear, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that gut microbiota dysbiosis can adversely affect behavior and neural biochemistry through the microbiota-gut-brain axis ( Cryan & Dinan, 2012 ; Fung et al, 2017 ; Long-Smith et al, 2020 ). In previous studies, we showed that the gut microbiota modulates gene transcription and protein expression ( Chen et al, 2019 ; Liu et al, 2020 ; Rao et al, 2021 ; Zeng et al, 2016 ; Zhou et al, 2020 ) and drives metabolic alterations in the brains of rodents and nonhuman primates ( Li et al, 2018a ; Wang et al, 2020a ; Zheng et al, 2021 ). The gut microbiota varies with lifecycle and exerts profound influences on the host ( Yang et al, 2022 ), with bacterial infection found to precipitate stress-induced memory dysfunction ( Gareau et al, 2011 ).…”

“…Germ-free (GF) animals, which lack microbiota and are free from bacterial contamination, serve as suitable models for exploring host responses to disordered, normal, or absent flora. GF mice have been an invaluable tool for investigating microbiota-host interactions ( Cryan & Dinan, 2012 ; Cryan et al, 2019 ; Foster & McVey Neufeld, 2013 ; Long-Smith et al, 2020 ; Zheng et al, 2019 ) and exhibit cognitive deficits, altered sociability, and modifications in neurogenesis, neurotransmitter, synapse, and neuronal activity-related genes ( Cryan et al, 2019 ; Luczynski et al, 2016 ; Schretter, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2020a ). We have also previously identified decreased depressive and anxiety-like behavior in GF mice accompanied by molecular and neurochemical changes ( Chen et al, 2017b , 2019 ; Zeng et al, 2016 ; Zheng et al, 2016 ).…”