&lt;p&gt;Current Options in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Review&lt;/p&gt;

Teimury, Azadeh; Khaledi, Elahe Mahmoodi

doi:10.2147/rmhp.s265030

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 137 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…Numerous academic and commercial organizations are engaged in the search for both novel and re-purposed small molecule antiviral therapies, vaccines, anti-inflammatory agents, convalescent plasma infusions, natural killer cells and speculative cell therapy approaches. [75][76][77] To enable and inform these worldwide efforts, a thorough understanding of SARS-CoV-2 tropism needs to be gathered systematically in different tissues and organ systems. Tissues obtained from COVID-19 infected patients have been widely used to understand the pathology of the disease; however, in most cases these represent the end stage of infection and do not permit multiple experimental questions to be investigated in detail.…”

Section: Stem Cell Models For Understanding Sars-cov-2 Entry And/or Replication In the Human Ocular Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

In the eye of the storm: SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and replication at the ocular surface?

Armstrong

Collin

Mostafa

et al. 2021

STEM CELLS Transl Med

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first emerged in December 2019 and spread quickly causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Recent single cell RNA-Seq analyses have shown the presence of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors in the human corneal, limbal, and conjunctival superficial epithelium, leading to suggestions that the human ocular surface may serve as an additional entry gateway and infection hub for SARS-CoV-2. In this article, we review the ocular clinical presentations of COVID-19 and the features of the ocular surface that may underline the overall low ocular SARS-CoV-2 infection.We critically evaluate the studies performed in nonhuman primates, ex vivo organ culture ocular models, stem cell derived eye organoids and the differences in infection efficiency observed in different parts of human ocular surface epithelium. Finally, we highlight the additional work that needs to be carried out to understand the immune response of the ocular surface to SARS-CoV-2 infection, which can be translated into prophylactic treatments that may be applied to other organ systems.

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Section: Stem Cell Models For Understanding Sars-cov-2 Entry And/or Replication In the Human Ocular Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

In the eye of the storm: SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and replication at the ocular surface?

Armstrong

Collin

Mostafa

et al. 2021

STEM CELLS Transl Med

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“…Finally, nafamostat mesylate can be effective in reducing coagulation problems and has been reported to have the potential to reduce these problems [ 40 ].…”

Section: Coagulation Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major coagulation disorders and parameters in COVID-19 patients

2022

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with a high prevalence rate, has rapidly infected millions of people around the world. Since viral infections can disrupt the coagulation and homeostasis cascades, various inflammatory and coagulation problems occur due to COVID-19 infection, similar to coronavirus epidemics in 2003 and 2004. According to multiple previous studies, in the present research, we reviewed the most commonly reported problems of COVID-19 patients, such as venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation, etc. and investigated the causes in these patients. Coagulation and inflammatory markers, such as platelets and fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, d-dimer, prothrombin time, etc., were also discussed, and the treatment options were briefly reviewed. In addition to coagulation treatments, regular examination of coagulation parameters and thrombotic complications can be helpful in the timely treatment of patients. Therefore, it is helpful to review the coagulation problems in COVID-19 patients. Although all mentioned problems and markers are important in COVID-19, some of them are more valuable in terms of diagnosis and prognosis.

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“…Lopinavir/Ritonavir: The Lopinavir-ritonavir combination (known as Kaletra ® , Abbott, USA) is a protease inhibitor. This combination has been used in the treatment of various viruses such as HIV and also used against COVID-19 in clinical trials as an emergency treatment in some countries [143,[170][171][172][173][174]. In the early stage of COVID-19, this combination could reduce the viral load and improve the disease symptoms [175].…”

Section: Antiviralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

Ertürk

Şahin

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Since December 2019, humanity has faced an important global threat. Many studies have been published on the origin, structure, and mechanism of action of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the treatment of its disease. The priority of scientists all over the world has been to direct their time to research this subject. In this review, we highlight chemical studies and therapeutic approaches to overcome COVID-19 with seven different sections. These sections are the structure and mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2, immunotherapy and vaccine, computer-aided drug design, repurposing therapeutics for COVID-19, synthesis of new molecular structures against COVID-19, food safety/security and functional food components, and potential natural products against COVID-19. In this work, we aimed to screen all the newly synthesized compounds, repurposing chemicals covering antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiparasitic, anticancer, antipsychotic, and antihistamine compounds against COVID-19. We also highlight computer-aided approaches to develop an anti-COVID-19 molecule. We explain that some phytochemicals and dietary supplements have been identified as antiviral bioproducts, which have almost been successfully tested against COVID-19. In addition, we present immunotherapy types, targets, immunotherapy and inflammation/mutations of the virus, immune response, and vaccine issues.

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<p>Current Options in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Review</p>

Cited by 13 publications

References 137 publications

In the eye of the storm: SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and replication at the ocular surface?

In the eye of the storm: SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and replication at the ocular surface?

Major coagulation disorders and parameters in COVID-19 patients

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

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