&lt;p&gt;Dairy consumption and acne: a case control study in Kabul, Afghanistan&lt;/p&gt;

Aalemi, Ahmad Khalid; Anwar, Idris; Chen, Hong-Xiang

doi:10.2147/ccid.s195191

Cited by 21 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Three studies also suggested that milk intake may increase the risk of more severe acne [40][41][42] , which is consistent with a meta-analysis that reported that high milk consumption was significantly associated with the presentation of moderate-severe acne 43 . Explanations for the association between milk intake and acne presentation may also explain the association observed for milk intake and acne severity.…”

Section: Parameters That Differ Between Control and Casesupporting

confidence: 80%

Systematic review of the epidemiology of acne vulgaris

Heng

Chew

2020

Sci Rep

296

221

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A systematic review was conducted on epidemiology studies on acne obtained from a Web of Science search to study risk factors associated with acne presentation and severity. A strong association was observed between several risk factors -family history, age, BMi and skin type -and acne presentation or severity in multiple studies. The pooled odds ratio of 2.36 (95% CI 1.97-2.83) for overweight/obese BMI with reference to normal/underweight BMI and the pooled odds ratio of 2.91 (95% CI 2.58-3.28) for family history in parents with reference to no family history in parents demonstrate this strong association. In addition, a pooled odds ratio of 1.07 (95% CI 0.42-2.71) was obtained for sex (males with reference to females). However, the association between other factors, such as dietary factors and smoking, and acne presentation or severity was less clear, with inconsistent results between studies. Thus, further research is required to understand how these factors may influence the development and severity of acne. This study summarizes the potential factors that may affect the risk of acne presentation or severe acne and can help researchers and clinicians to understand the epidemiology of acne and severe acne. Furthermore, the findings can direct future acne research, with the hope of gaining insight into the pathophysiology of acne so as to develop effective acne treatments. Acne epidemiologyThe Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 found that acne vulgaris (henceforth acne) is the eight most common skin disease, with an estimated global prevalence (for all ages) of 9.38% 1 . In different countries and among different age groups, the prevalence of acne varies, with estimates ranging from 35% to close to 100% of adolescents having acne at some point 2 . Symptoms and impacts of AcneAcne patients typically present with comedones, papules and pustules 3 . Comedones can be subdivided into two types -open comedones (blackheads), which are clogged follicles with openings exposing its contents to the air, and closed comedones (white heads), which are clogged follicles without an opening 4 . Papules are raised lesions on the skin that are smaller than 1 cm in diameter while pustules are similar to papules but inflamed and filled with pus 4 . In patients with severe acne, nodules and cysts -inflamed, swollen lesions that are at least 5 mm large -may be present 3,4 . In addition, other symptoms such as the scars, erythema and hyperpigmentation may be observed in acne patients 4 .On top of discomfort due to the clinical symptoms of acne, patients may experience other negative impacts. A study observed significantly higher unemployment rates among acne cases relative to controls, suggesting a correlation between acne and employment 5 . Further, acne has been found to adversely affect the social life 6 , self-esteem and body image of individuals and is often co-morbid with psychological disorders including depression and anxiety 3 . Additionally, acne is associated with substantial financial costs, with one study estimating that...

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Section: Parameters That Differ Between Control and Casesupporting

confidence: 80%

Systematic review of the epidemiology of acne vulgaris

Heng

Chew

2020

Sci Rep

296

221

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The majority of case‐control studies evaluated the link between acne and dietary pattern 15‐30 and one the effects of the consumption of dairy products 31 (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…assessed a study on late adolescents, showing that frequent consumption (≥3 days per week) of dairy products, chocolate, and other dietary items (i.e. eggs, potato chips, pizza/bolani) was statistically associated with moderate to severe acne 24 . In Kazakhstan, Tsoy et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and acne: review of the evidence from 2009 to 2020

et al. 2021

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Background Dietary habits may play a non‐negligible role in the development, duration, and severity of acne, as shown in past critical review articles on such association. Methods The aim of this systematic review is to supplement data available on scientific literature spanning the last 10 years by inserting the keywords “acne” or “acne vulgaris” and “diet”, “nutrition”, “food”, “chocolate”, “dairy”, “whey protein”, “fatty acid”, or “drink” in the timeframe “January 2009‐April 2020” within the PubMed database. Results Fifty‐three reviewed articles met eligibility criteria. They included 11 interventional clinical trials (seven randomized controlled trials and four uncontrolled open label studies) and 42 observational studies (17 case‐control and 22 cross‐sectional studies, and three descriptive studies). Conclusions This review reinforces the notion of a rapidly growing exponential trend of interest in this subject by the scientific community. Acne‐promoting factors include high GI/GL food, dairy products, fat food, and chocolate, whereas acne‐protective factors include fatty acids, fruit, and vegetable intake. The role played by specific dietary components pertaining to different foods, as done for milk (full‐fat/whole, reduced‐fat, low‐fat/skim milk), dairy products (milk cream, ice cream, yogurt, cheese, etc.), or chocolate (cocoa, dark/milk chocolate), remains an unsolved issue and objective of future research.

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“…High glycemic load diet can lead to the rise in blood glucose in the body, therefore, islets secrete large amounts of insulin to lower blood glucose, and elevated insulin levels lead to increased secretion of insulin-like growth factors-1 (IGF-1), IGF-1 can increase androgen levels, promote sebum secretion, and promote hyperkeratosis of hair follicle sebaceous glands to affect lipid excretion, thereby inducing or aggravating the occurrence of acne ( 53 – 56 ). And there were studies about a positive association between the incidence of acne and the intake of whole milk and skim milk ( 57 , 58 ). Milk can also increase the level of IGF-1, which can lead to acne ( 47 , 59 – 61 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Advancement on Influencing Factors of Acne: An Emphasis on Environment Characteristics

Yang

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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Background: Acne vulgaris is known as a commonly-seen skin disease with a considerable impact on the quality of life. At present, there have been a growing number of epidemiological, medical, demographic and sociological researches focusing on various influencing factors in the occurrence of acne. Nevertheless, the correlation between environmental factors and acne has yet to be fully investigated. Objective: To assess the impacts of individual, natural and social environmental factors on acne and to construct a framework for the potential impact of built environment on acne. Methods: A thorough review was conducted into the published social demographical, epidemiological, and environmental studies on acne through PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science, with reference made to the relevant literature. Results: The influencing factors in acne are classed into four major categories. The first one includes individual socioeconomic and biological factors, for example, gender, age, economic level, heredity, obesity, skin type, menstrual cycle (for females), diet, smoking, cosmetics products, electronic products, sleep quality and psychological factors. The second one includes such natural environmental factors as temperature, humidity, sun exposure, air pollution and chloracne. The third one relates to social environment, including social network and social media. The last one includes built environmental factors, for example, population density, food stores, green spaces, as well as other built environment characteristics for transport. Acne can be affected negatively by family history, overweight, obesity, oily or mixed skin, irregular menstrual cycles, sugary food, greasy food, dairy products, smoking, the improper use of cosmetics, the long-term use of electronics, the poor quality of sleep, stress, high temperature, sun exposure, air pollution, mineral oils and halogenated hydrocarbons. Apart from that, there are also potential links between built environment and acne. Yang et al. Acne Conclusions: It is necessary to determine the correlation between the built environment and acne based on the understanding of the impact of traditional factors (sociology of population and environment) on acne gained by multidisciplinary research teams. Moreover, more empirical studies are required to reveal the specific relationship between built environment and acne.

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<p>Dairy consumption and acne: a case control study in Kabul, Afghanistan</p>

Cited by 21 publications

References 30 publications

Systematic review of the epidemiology of acne vulgaris

Systematic review of the epidemiology of acne vulgaris

Diet and acne: review of the evidence from 2009 to 2020

A Review of Advancement on Influencing Factors of Acne: An Emphasis on Environment Characteristics

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