<p>Depression and associated factors among patients with tuberculosis in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study</p>

Abstract

Purpose The study aimed to assess the magnitude of depression and associated factors among patients with tuberculosis (TB) visiting outpatient clinics in Ethiopia. Patients and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 415 TB patients. Study participants were selected through a systematic random sampling technique. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression using face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic analyses were done to identify associated factors with depression. P -values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant, and the strength of the association was presented by adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CI. Results The magnitude of depression was found to be 31.1% with 95% CI (26.5–35.7). Extrapulmonary TB [AOR =1.8, 95% CI (1.02, 3.24)], poor social support [AOR =3.3, 95% CI (1.8, 6.03)] and perceived TB stigma [AOR =2.0, 95% CI (1.28, 3.18)] were variables found to be statistically significantly connected with depression. Conclusion The magnitude of depression was high compared to the general population and some other studies. Therefore, the current study area and other settings which provide TB screening and treatment need to assess patients for depression and provide intervention, giving more emphasis to patients with risk factors.

The association of household food insecurity and HIV infection with common mental disorders among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients in Botswana

“…We did not find an association between HIV comorbidity and mental disorders in our sample. This finding is in agreement with some studies, (32, 33) but not others. (13,34) Studies that reported an association between comorbidity and mental disorders have posited HIV-associated stigma as the plausible driving force.…”

The association of household food insecurity and HIV infection with common mental disorders among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients in Botswana

“…We did not find an association between HIV comorbidity and mental disorders in our sample. This finding is in agreement with some studies (32,33) , but not others (13,34) . Studies that reported an association between co-morbidity and mental disorders have posited HIV-associated stigma as the plausible driving force (13,34) .…”

“…Approximately 26 % of enrolled TB patients had PHQ-9 scores indicative of moderate to severe depression and 15 % indicative of suicidal ideation. Our estimate was comparable to recent studies in several countries that examined depression (moderate to severe) among TB patients, including Ethiopia (17•6-54•0 %) (32)(33)(34) , South Africa (32•9 %) (13) , Angola (49•4 %) (35) and China (18•1 %) (36) . They were, however, considerably lower than those found in Ethiopia using PHQ-9 by Ambaw et al (32) ; these differences may have arisen from variations in study location and population.…”

The prevalence of depression among patients with tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The characteristics of the study populations included in this study are depicted in Table 1. Out of 25 studies included in the review, seven were from Pakistan [15,[26][27][28][29][30][31], seven from India [32][33][34][35][36][37][38], three from Nigeria [18,39,40], four from Ethiopia [11,19,41,42], one from Brazil [43], one from China [44], one from Cameron [45], and one from Turkey [47]. The studies included in this review were published between 2006 and 2019, with the sample size ranging between 45 participants in India and 1252 participants in China.…”