<p>Diagnostic and Management Strategies in Patients with Persistent Fetal Vasculature: Current Insights</p>

Abstract

Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV), previously known as persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, is a developmental malformation of the eyes that is caused by a failure of the hyaloid vasculature to regress in utero. PFV has been reported for decades; however, our understanding of the pathophysiology/pathogenesis of PFV, and the diagnostic and treatment modalities for PFV have evolved over time, and these advancements have improved diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. However and in spite of these advancements, the heterogeneity of this disease continues to make PFV a diagnostic challenge. Here, we review what is currently known about various important aspects of PFV to update and enhance the knowledge of ophthalmologists who encounter and manage PFV in clinical practice.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Recurrent Spontaneous Hyphema Caused by Ruptured Persistent Fetal Vasculature

“…PFV is typically sporadic, mostly unilateral (10 % are bilateral), and non-heritable [2]. The clinical spectrum of PFV depends on the location of the vasculature remnants.…”

“…Posterior PFV is represented by the persistence of the vasa hyaloidea propria and/or the hyaloid artery. In case of combined PFV, clinical features of both anterior and posterior PFV are present 1 , 2 .…”

“…Investigations for PFV include fluorescein angiography and B-scan ultrasonography. Fluorescein angiography is used to determine the boundaries of the patientʼs vessels, which is crucial to confirm PFV, but also to exclude other differential diagnoses of neovascularization 1 , 2 . B-scan ultrasonography is indicated to investigate the extent of PFV, as a retrolental membrane can form in the presence of persistence irido-hyaloid blood vessels.…”

“…Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) is a failure of regression of fetal intraocular vasculature during intrauterine life. Its clinical manifestation is variable among patients, depending on the subtype of PFV – anterior, posterior, or combined PFV 1 , 2 .…”

Identification of Key Genes and Pathways in Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous of the Eye Using Bioinformatic Analysis

“…Non-surgical management is currently used in non-progressive conditions and patients with non-central opacity that does not cause any visual impairment. If a non-surgical alternative is used, diligent follow-up should be carried out to detect any potential risks, such as cataract progression or glaucoma ( 26 ). The disease's heterogeneity continues to render PHPV diagnosis and treatment challenging.…”