&lt;p&gt;Differential recognition of &lt;em&gt;Candida tropicalis&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Candida guilliermondii&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Candida krusei&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;Candida auris&lt;/em&gt; by human innate immune cells&lt;/p&gt;

Navarro-Arias, María J.; Hernández-Chávez, Marco J.; García-Carnero, Laura C; Amezcua-Hernández, Diana G; Lozoya-Pérez, Nancy E; Estrada-Mata, Eine; Martínez-Duncker, Iván; Franco, Bernardo; Mora-Montes, Héctor M.

doi:10.2147/idr.s197531

Cited by 103 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…Another study showed that viable C. auris failed to induce a significant inflammatory response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), whilst live Candida tropicalis, Candida guilliermondii and Candida krusei induced a much greater release of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL1-β ( Figure 2B). Conversely, heat-killed organisms, including C. auris, stimulated an elevated production of all pro-inflammatory mediators [71]. The authors postulated that heat-inactivation resulted in artificial exposure of chitin and β1,3-glucan on the surface of the cell wall, leading to a dectin-1 receptor stimulation and an elevated immune response as previously described with C. albicans [72].…”

Section: Hide and Seek-immune Evasion Or Lack Of Immune Surveillance?mentioning

confidence: 86%

Candida auris: A Decade of Understanding of an Enigmatic Pathogenic Yeast

Kean

Brown

Gülmez

et al. 2020

JoF

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Candida auris is an enigmatic yeast that continues to stimulate interest within the mycology community due its rapid and simultaneous emergence of distinct clades. In the last decade, almost 400 manuscripts have contributed to our understanding of this pathogenic yeast. With dynamic epidemiology, elevated resistance levels and an indication of conserved and unique pathogenic traits, it is unsurprising that it continues to cause clinical concern. This mini-review aims to summarise some of the key attributes of this remarkable pathogenic yeast.

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Section: Hide and Seek-immune Evasion Or Lack Of Immune Surveillance?mentioning

confidence: 86%

Candida auris: A Decade of Understanding of an Enigmatic Pathogenic Yeast

Kean

Brown

Gülmez

et al. 2020

JoF

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“…Conversely, such host responses were significantly greater against other Candida species such as Candida tropicalis, Candida guilliermondii and Candida krusei [58]. It is apparent from these studies that the host recognizes yet fails to generate an effective immune response against C. auris .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida aurisphenotypic heterogeneity determines pathogenicityin vitro

Brown

Delaney

Short

et al. 2020

Preprint

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1Candida auris is an enigmatic yeast that provides substantial global risk in 2 healthcare facilities and intensive care units. A unique phenotype exhibited by 3 certain isolates of C. auris is their ability to form small clusters of cells known as 4 aggregates, which have been to a limited extent described in the context of 5 pathogenic traits. In this study, we screened several non-aggregative and 6 aggregative C. auris isolates for biofilm formation, where we observed a level of 7 heterogeneity amongst the different phenotypes. Next, we utilised an RNA-8 sequencing approach to investigate the transcriptional responses during biofilm 9 formation of a non-aggregative and aggregative isolate of the initial pool. 10 Observations from these analyses indicate unique transcriptional profiles in the two 11 isolates, with several genes identified relating to proteins involved in adhesion and 12 invasion of the host in other fungal species. From these findings we investigated for 13 the first time the fungal recognition and inflammatory responses of a three-14 dimensional skin epithelial model to these isolates. In these models, a wound was 15 induced to mimic a portal of entry for C. auris. We show both phenotypes elicited 16 minimal response in the model minus induction of the wound, yet in the wounded 17 tissue both phenotypes induced a greater response, with the aggregative isolate 18 more pro-inflammatory. This capacity of aggregative C. auris biofilms to generate 19 such responses in the wounded skin highlights how this opportunistic yeast is a high 20 risk within the intensive care environment where susceptible patients have multiple 21 indwelling lines.22 23

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“…However, all the C. tropicalis reference strain ATCC 13803 and three clinical isolates (YH50007, YH50013 and YH50114) were sensitive to both P-113 and P-113Tri (Table 2 of [19]). Recently, Navarro-Arias et al compared the content of chitin, mannan, glucan, and phosphomannan on C. tropicalis and C. albicans cell wall and found that there is no significant difference in these two species [56]. However, the porosity of C. tropicalis cell wall is higher than C. albicans (63% vs. 28%) [56], which raises a possibility that P-113 is much easier to gain access into the C. tropicalis cells than P-113Tri due to the small size of P-113 and has a higher activity against C. tropicalis than C. albicans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction between Carbohydrates and the Antimicrobial Peptide P-113Tri is Involved in the Killing of Candida albicans

2020

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The emergence of drug resistance to Candida albicans is problematic in the clinical setting. Therefore, developing new antifungal drugs is in high demand. Our previous work indicated that the antimicrobial peptide P-113Tri exhibited higher antifungal activity against planktonic cells, biofilm cells, and clinical isolates of Candida species compared to its parental peptide P-113. In this study, we further investigated the difference between these two peptides in their mechanisms against C. albicans. Microscopic examination showed that P-113 rapidly gained access to C. albicans cells. However, most of the P-113Tri remained on the cell surface. Moreover, using a range of cell wall-defective mutants and competition assays, the results indicated that phosphomannan and N-linked mannan in the cell wall are important for peptide binding to C. albicans cells. Furthermore, the addition of exogenous phosphosugars reduced the efficacy of the peptide, suggesting that negatively charged phosphosugars also contributed to the peptide binding to the cell wall polysaccharides. Finally, using a glycan array, P-113Tri, but not P-113, can bind to other glycans commonly present on other microbial and mammalian cells. Together, these results suggest that P-113 and P-113Tri have fundamental differences in their interaction with C. albicans and candidacidal activities.

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<p>Differential recognition of <em>Candida tropicalis</em>, <em>Candida guilliermondii</em>, <em>Candida krusei</em>, and <em>Candida auris</em> by human innate immune cells</p>

Cited by 103 publications

References 67 publications

Candida auris: A Decade of Understanding of an Enigmatic Pathogenic Yeast

Candida auris: A Decade of Understanding of an Enigmatic Pathogenic Yeast

Candida aurisphenotypic heterogeneity determines pathogenicityin vitro

The interaction between Carbohydrates and the Antimicrobial Peptide P-113Tri is Involved in the Killing of Candida albicans

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