<p>Downregulation of RAGE Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis via Regulation of PI3K/AKT Pathway in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma</p>

Abstract

Aim: The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) expression has been reported to be implicated with cancer development. In this study, the role of RAGE in the regulation of cervical squamous cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and the mechanism of RAGE involved in the biological behaviors were explored. Methods: The RAGE expression was overexpressed or downregulated by lentivirus transfection. The effect of RAGE expression on cell proliferation was explored by CCK-8, MTT, and BrdU assay, and the effect of RAGE on tumor development was confirmed by the xenograft mouse model along with the immunohistochemistry stain of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. Western blotting was performed to investigate the expression of possible proteins, including Bax, Bcl-2, PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT. Results: Overexpression of RAGE promoted proliferation of cervical squamous cancer cell and increased PCNA expression. In the meantime, RAGE overexpression inhibited cell apoptosis along with a decrease of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and induction of PI3K/AKT activation. The in vivo results showed that overexpression of RAGE enhanced tumor growth. Conversely, knockdown of RAGE exhibited opposed effects on cervical cancer cells and xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, RAGE inhibitor FPS-ZM1 effectively inhibited SiHa cell viability and PCNA expression, and increased cell apoptosis and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Moreover, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 effectively inhibited activation of PI3K and AKT, and further repressed RAGE overexpression-induced cell proliferation and apoptosis inhibition. Conclusion: RAGE promotes the growth ability of cervical squamous cell carcinoma by inducing PCNA expression and inhibiting cell apoptosis via inactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Acts as a Fuel to Colorectal Cancer Development

“…As shown in many studies mentioned in this review investigating the role of RAGE by its blockage through siRNA and antibodies and antagonists treatment, RAGE activation stopped, as well as underlying mechanisms leading to tumorigenicity. Also, it has been indicated that antibodies against RAGE ligands can decrease the risk of CRC (178)(179)(180)(181)(182). This, as mentioned before, the effect of prolonged RAGE blockade in human subjects is important because RAGE plays vital roles in normal physiology.…”

Liraglutide improved the cognitive function of diabetic mice via the receptor of advanced glycation end products down-regulation

“…It transports only Aβ in circulation into the brain, but not out of the brain [ 14 ]. More studies have found that RAGE is involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis [ 15 , 16 ], including neurons [ 17 , 18 ].…”

miR-186-3p attenuates the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer via targeting insulin-like growth factor 1 to suppress PI3K-Akt signaling pathway

“…Recent studies have indicated that CC cells express high levels of PI3K, Akt, and phosphorylated Akt [44][45][46]. Moreover, treatment with PI3K/ Akt pathway inhibitors prevented cell proliferation [47], induced apoptosis [48], and restored metastasis [49] in CC. These results illustrated that the PI3K/Akt pathway may be a novel biomarker for predicting the prognosis of CC and a potential target for developing new treatment for such tumors [50].…”