<p>Echocardiographic and Clinical Correlates of Ejection Fraction Among 2000 Patients with Heart Failure in Western Saudi Arabia</p>

Abstract

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) affects about 320,000 Saudi individuals and is associated with a considerable negative impact on the patients' quality of life. In literature, there is a lack of data about the echocardiographic abnormalities of HF patients in Saudi Arabia. Aim of Work: To describe the echocardiographic findings of HF patients in Western Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This was a retrospective record review study conducted on 2000 patients with chronic HF in Saudi Arabia. Demographic, clinical and echocardiographic data were collected and compared among patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), ie, EF≤40%; HF with mid-range EF (HFmrEF), ie, EF=41-49%; and HF with preserved EF (HFpEF), ie, EF≥50%. Results: Among the 2000 patients studied, females constituted 46.3% of the sample. About 52% of females had HFpEF, whilst 70% of males had HFrEF (p<0.0001). Diastolic dysfunction occurred in 98% of HFpEF versus 78% of HFrEF (p<0.0001). Patients with HFrEF had higher left-ventricular diastolic (LVd) volume (1536 versus 826), higher left-ventricular systolic (LVs) volume (1660 vs 772), higher left atrial volume (1344 vs 875), higher aortic root dimension (1144 vs 929) and lower fractional shortening (FS) (267 vs 1213) than patients with HFpEF (p<0.0001). Conclusion:HFpEF was more common among females and was associated with higher rates of diastolic dysfunction and higher FS. HFrEF was prevalent among males and associated with higher LVd, LVs, left atrium volume and aortic root dimensions.

Clinical, Echocardiographic, and Therapeutic Characteristics of Heart Failure in Patients with Preserved, Mid-Range, and Reduced Ejection Fraction: Future Directions

“…With regard to the dominance of LV reduced EF (despite different cut-off values) and male sex, over those with preserved EF and female sex, these present findings are in agreement with two national studies, 5 , 6 whereas a third study reported an opposite pattern, 7 with Saudi nationals constituting 43.5% of the participants. With respect to BMI, disease severity (NYHA III–IV), underlying IHD, hypertension, therapeutic trends and mortality, there are general similarities.…”

“…In terms of the total number of enrolled HF patients, two studies reported a dominance of patients with reduced EF over those with preserved EF, 5 , 6 while the third reported the opposite. 7 Therefore, this present observational study seeks not only to report the clinical, echocardiographic, and therapeutic characteristics of HF using another representative sample of the Saudi HF population (Eastern province), but also to identify characteristics that may be relevant elsewhere.…”

Mitral Valve Syndrome in older patients with and without depression: A cross-sectional study

“…In the present study IVS thickness, a biomarker of hypertension, was signifi cantly higher in patient with LLD suggesting a possible role as a cofactor in the LLD onset. Moreover, hypertension is frequently associated with Mitral Prolapse [50], suggesting a cluster between these two pathological conditions that may have and add on effect on the onset of depression.…”

Prevalence and correlates of diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertension: a cross-sectional study from in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

“…However, diastolic dysfunction is important, and it should be recognized as early as possible to avoid its progression to diastolic failure. Diastolic dysfunction has been reported to be more prevalent in the patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) as compared to those with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) [ 9 ]. The reason is that the patients with HFpEF have extensive perivascular fibrosis as compared to those with HFrEF.…”