<p>Effect of different combinations of surface treatment on adhesion of resin composite to zirconia</p>

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this laboratory study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatment combinations on resin zirconia bonding. Materials and methods: One hundred and five pre-sintered zirconia quadrangles were prepared out of zirconia blocks, polished, then sintered and divided into five groups (n=21). Group I (control): samples were untreated, group II: grit-blasting with 50 µm alumina particles, group III: grit-blasting with 100 µm alumina particles, group IV: Er,Cr:YSGG laser, and group V: selective infiltration etching technique. Microstructural analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, a diffractometer, and a profilometer. Cylinders of composite resin were luted with Panavia resin composite cementand Clearfil ceramic primer. Shear bond strength (SBS) was determined using a universal testing machine. Results: SBS results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc tests for multiple comparisons. The level of significance was set to 0.05. SBS values of the studied groups II, III, IV, and V were 16.2±1.8 MPa, 15.7±3.7 MPa, 14.8±3.4 MPa, and 16.8±3.0 MPa, respectively. All values were significantly higher than the control group (10.48±1.80 MPa), but without a significant difference between them. Group III exhibited the roughest surface, and Group I had a more significantly reduced surface roughness value than any other group. Group III presented the highest significant increase of tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation (13%). Conclusion: The use of grit-blasting with greater particles size enhanced SBS with resin composite cement, but induced a higher amount of monoclinic phase transformation. The use of primer based on adhesive monomer with the resin cement is required to enhance the bonding efficiency. The use of laser enhanced the surface roughness and the bonding ability to zirconia.

Does the application of surface treatments in different sintering stages affect flexural strength and optical properties of zirconia?

“…APA is one of the most widely used protocol for modifying the surface topography of zirconia prior to cementation . It functions by removing loose contaminated surface, forming microretentive grooves, enlarging effective contact surface, and enhancing wettability on the intaglio surface of zirconia . Different types of particles ranging between 25‐ and 250‐μm can be used for hitting the surface at high speed .…”

“…Ghasemi et al suggested 3 W Er,Cr:YSGG LI as an alternative surface treatment for zirconia after sintering process . Another study by Saade et al proved that Er,Cr:YSGG LI with a 5.5 W power‐output enhanced the bonding ability to zirconia . As high laser‐power settings may lead to overheating and undermine zirconia's structural properties, irradiation time and power‐output of lasers should be well‐considered .…”

“…Zirconia is a white, semitranslucent, polymorphic ceramic that presents chemical inertness, improved biocompatibility, superior mechanical strength, and thermal expansion coefficient similar to hard tissues . It can, moreover, exhibit three different crystallographic forms in response to temperature and offer transformation‐toughening capability when under stress . However, lack of glass matrix in its crystallographic structure constrains optical properties, thereby increasing opacity and leading to a nonesthetic appearance .…”

Effects of various zirconia surface treatments for roughness on shear bond strength with resin cement

“…기계적인 결합을 위한 표면처리 방법으로는 airborne-particle abrasion (APA) [12][13][14], erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) 레이저 표면처리 [15,16], 불산을 이용한 표면 에칭처리 [17][18][19]…”

Effect of Different Surface Treatments on Bonding of Ultra- Translucent Zirconia

“…, Inokoshi et al (5), Cheung & Botelho (28), Saade et al(29) andLiu et al (30), where Cheung& Botelho(28) andLiu et al (30) found de-bonded specimens of the as-sintered group that could not even withstand the aging treatments and got de-bonded before application of SBS test.The highest SBS values obtained by the sandblasted subgroup in our study, could be related to the uniform existence of superficial irregularities and shallow scratches all over the examined surface, that was related to the effect of hitting the surface by the sharp abrasive particles creating retentive spaces accompanied with the presence of some impinged abrasive particles on the ultra-translucent zirconia surface by the force of blasting pressure that led toincreased available surface area for obtaining a micro-mechanical bond with the adhesive resin resulting in the highest shear bond strength results, this was in agreement with, Aung et al (31), Hallmann et al (14), Kern M (11), LE et al (17), Liu et al (30), Thammajaruk et al (13), Tzanakakis et al (10) and Zhao et al (32), who stated that air-abrasion at a moderate pressure xii provided a reliable bonding to zirconia based restorations, particularly when combined with phosphate monomer containing primers and/or luting resins as it appeared in this study. However, this was in disagreement with other studies done by Lee et al (2019) (24), Lee & Lee (33), Xie et al…”