<p>Effect of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on severity of stress in emergency medical technicians</p>

Abstract

Background and objectives: People working in health care centers and hospitals, especially the emergency departments, often experience severe stresses due to the nature of their jobs. The current study was aimed at determining the effect of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on severity of stress of medical emergency technicians. Materials and methods: In the current field trial, 50 emergency medical technicians working in emergency medical centers were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group; each group had 25 subjects. In the intervention group, EMDR training was provided during five consecutive sessions, while in the control group the subjects did not receive any intervention. The data collection instrument in the study, in addition to the demographic questionnaire, was the Alken stress scale. Data had normal distribution and were analyzed using independent t , the Mann–Whitney, or chi-squared tests, and their within-group comparisons were performed by paired t and marginal homogeneity tests. Results: The mean score of stress before and after the intervention in the intervention and control groups was 32.2±7.8 and 33.6±13.8, respectively. However, after EMDR implementation, the intensity of stress in the intervention and control groups was 25.9±7.3 and 33±13.1, respectively and the difference between the groups was statistically significant ( P <0.05). Chi-squared test showed that after the intervention, the degree of stress intensity in the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, and there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of stress intensity ( P <0.05). Conclusion: The current study results indicated that EMDR technique significantly reduced the intensity of stress in the intervention group and can be helpful to control stress experienced by emergency medical staff.

The effectiveness of psychological interventions for reducing PTSD and psychological distress in first responders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) was the most frequent with 4 different types of CBT used in 3 studies, then critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) and resilience training were used in 3 studies each, while eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was used in 2 studies, and 1 study each used brief eclectic psychotherapy, eclectic group counselling, written emotional expression, and mental agility and psychological strength. One study had more than one intervention that used 2 types of cognitive behaviour therapy (the long type (CBT-L) and brief type (CBT-B)) compared to a waiting list control group [ 52 ]. The mean number of treatment sessions was 7.53, the longest individual session lasted 2.5 hours and the shortest one lasted 15 minutes (see Table 1 ).…”

“…80 out of these were screened as full text. 20 papers were eligible to include in the systematic review and meta-analysis [25, [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. For articles which were eligible for the systematic review but which did not report the necessary outcome data for meta-analysis, we contacted the authors and co-authors, to request the relevant data.…”

“…waiting list control group [52]. The mean number of treatment sessions was 7.53, the longest individual session lasted 2.5 hours and the shortest one lasted 15 minutes (see Table 1).…”

Stress Reduction Using Bilateral Stimulation in Virtual Reality

“…in a new cognitive and emotional network reduces negative symptoms related to the past experiences. Recently EMDR has been successfully used for reduction of stress and anxiety both in adults [52], [55] and children and adolescents [56], [57].…”

Impact of Burnout on Anaesthesiologists

“…ACT has been shown to lead to a reduction in burnout and its individual subscales. 37 , 38 Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing also shows potential for reducing exhaustion among individuals experiencing burnout; 39 however, additional research is needed for confirmation.…”