Abstract:BackgroundKiwifruit seems to have beneficial effect on metabolic health because it contains abundant phytochemicals and antioxidants. This study aimed to assess the effect of kiwifruit on metabolic health in participants with cardiovascular risk factors.MethodsLiterature was searched from PubMed, CENTRAL, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Scopus, Proquest, Latin American and Carib-bean Health Sciences Literature, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Australia… Show more
“…A triglyceride-lowering effect via an increased vitamin C intake is plausible given that vitamin C supplements have been found to lower triglyceride concentrations [22]. However, a lack of effect on circulating triglycerides in our study is consistent with a meta-analysis of randomised controlled kiwifruit intervention trials [23].…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%
“…Typically, in these trials, vitamin C is given at doses higher than those obtainable by dietary means. Perhaps for this reason, fruit and vegetable interventions, including kiwifruit interventions, have generally been ineffective at reducing blood pressure [23,25]. The lack of an effect in the present study is consistent with the literature.…”
People with pre-diabetes may be reluctant to add fruit to their diets due to concerns around sugars. Our objective was to measure outcomes associated with potential adverse effects of ingesting fruit sugars while assessing metabolic benefits from eating nutrient-rich kiwifruit. Thirty-four people with pre-diabetes were randomized to receive two kiwifruit or 250 mL bottled water per day for 12-weeks; two people withdrew. The primary outcomes were between-group differences for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and plasma vitamin C concentration. Secondary outcomes included anthropometry, blood pressure, lipids, uric acid, glycaemic-, inflammatory- and oxidative-markers. Mean (95% confidence interval) vitamin C intake and plasma concentration increased by 170 (141, 200) mg/d (P<0.001) and 11 (5, 17) µM (P = 0.001), respectively, in the kiwifruit compared with the control group. There was no between-group difference for HbA1c or for anthropometric, blood pressure or metabolic markers except for Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay, for which there was a mean decrease of 27 (3, 51) mM (P = 0.027) in the plasma of the kiwifruit compared with the control group. The inclusion of two kiwifruit per day into the diets of people with pre-diabetes raised vitamin C intake and status without causing metabolic disturbance due to the sugars contained in the fruit. The reason behind a reduction in TEAC in the kiwifruit group despite an increase in plasma vitamin C is unclear. For any beneficial effect on HbA1c to become evident, it may require a larger sample and a longer intervention.
“…A triglyceride-lowering effect via an increased vitamin C intake is plausible given that vitamin C supplements have been found to lower triglyceride concentrations [22]. However, a lack of effect on circulating triglycerides in our study is consistent with a meta-analysis of randomised controlled kiwifruit intervention trials [23].…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%
“…Typically, in these trials, vitamin C is given at doses higher than those obtainable by dietary means. Perhaps for this reason, fruit and vegetable interventions, including kiwifruit interventions, have generally been ineffective at reducing blood pressure [23,25]. The lack of an effect in the present study is consistent with the literature.…”
People with pre-diabetes may be reluctant to add fruit to their diets due to concerns around sugars. Our objective was to measure outcomes associated with potential adverse effects of ingesting fruit sugars while assessing metabolic benefits from eating nutrient-rich kiwifruit. Thirty-four people with pre-diabetes were randomized to receive two kiwifruit or 250 mL bottled water per day for 12-weeks; two people withdrew. The primary outcomes were between-group differences for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and plasma vitamin C concentration. Secondary outcomes included anthropometry, blood pressure, lipids, uric acid, glycaemic-, inflammatory- and oxidative-markers. Mean (95% confidence interval) vitamin C intake and plasma concentration increased by 170 (141, 200) mg/d (P<0.001) and 11 (5, 17) µM (P = 0.001), respectively, in the kiwifruit compared with the control group. There was no between-group difference for HbA1c or for anthropometric, blood pressure or metabolic markers except for Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay, for which there was a mean decrease of 27 (3, 51) mM (P = 0.027) in the plasma of the kiwifruit compared with the control group. The inclusion of two kiwifruit per day into the diets of people with pre-diabetes raised vitamin C intake and status without causing metabolic disturbance due to the sugars contained in the fruit. The reason behind a reduction in TEAC in the kiwifruit group despite an increase in plasma vitamin C is unclear. For any beneficial effect on HbA1c to become evident, it may require a larger sample and a longer intervention.
“…Because of its abundant content of polyphenols, kiwifruit was sought to have beneficial metabolic effects, mostly relevant for carbohydrate metabolism. However, a meta-analysis of five randomized controlled trials has reported no favorable metabolic effect of kiwifruit in patients with cardiovascular risk factors [ 46 ].…”
Section: Specific Dietary Sources Of Polyphenols and Diabetes Riskmentioning
Type 2 diabetes is an increasing health concern worldwide. Both genetic and environmental risk factors as improper dietary habits or physical inactivity are known to be crucial in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Polyphenols are a group of plant-derived compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that are associated with a low prevalence of metabolic conditions characterized by insulin resistance, including obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Moreover, there is now full awareness that foods that are rich in phytochemicals and polyphenols could play an important role in preserving human cardiovascular health and substantial clinical evidence indicates that regular dietary consumption of such foods affects favorably carbohydrate metabolism. This review briefly summarizes the evidence relating dietary patterns rich in polyphenols with glucose metabolism and highlights the potential benefits of these compounds in the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
“…There was moderate-quality evidence showing nonsignificantly decreased SBP with blueberry [ 122 ], SBP and DBP with bitter melon [ 126 ] and strawberry (SBP) intakes [ 127 ]. Low-quality evidence was available for garlic [ 128 ], ginger [ 129 ], cranberry (SBP) [ 130 ], grapefruit (SBP) [ 131 ], strawberry (DBP) [ 127 ], sour cherry (DBP) [ 132 ], Goji berry [ 133 ], kiwi fruit [ 134 ], fruit juice [ 81 ], orange juice [ 135 ], fruits and vegetables [ 136 ], and tomato [ 137 ], and very-low-quality evidence for 100% fruit juice [ 138 ] and aronia berry [ 139 ]. FIGURE 6 (A) Summary mean difference (ES), evidence quality (NutriGrade), and methodological quality (AMSTAR) of the meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of fruit and vegetables, starchy foods, legumes and pulses, nuts and seeds, and herb spice condiments on systolic blood pressure.…”
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