<p>Exosome: A Review of Its Classification, Isolation Techniques, Storage, Diagnostic and Targeted Therapy Applications</p>

Abstract

Exosomes are nano-sized small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, carrying nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and other bioactive substances to play a role in the body's physiological and pathological processes. Compared to synthetic carriers such as liposomes and nanoparticles, the endogeneity and heterogeneity of exosomes give them extensive and unique advantages in the field of disease diagnosis and treatment. However, the storage stability, low yield, low purity, and weak targeting of exosomes limit its clinical application. For this reason, further exploration is needed to optimize the above problems and facilitate future functional studies of exosomes. In this paper, the origin, classification, preparation and characterization, storage stability and applications of exosome delivery system are summarized and discussed by searching a large number of literatures.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor facilitates the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes in acute myocardial infarction through upregulating miR-133a-3p

“…It is a promising new cell free therapy for cardiac repair. Compared with liposomes, nanoparticles, microspheres, microemulsions and other synthetic drug loading systems, the endogeneity of exosomes is a natural and unique advantage [ 28 – 31 ]. However, more extensive testing and validation of exosomes therapeutics are needed to assure safety and efficacy [ 32 ].…”

The Functional Heterogeneity of Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reflects the Status of the Parent Cell

“…The field of EV research is growing rapidly, so there are a large number of excellent reviews that summarize in a systematic way the current knowledge on physical and chemical characteristics, biogenesis and composition of different types of EVs, as well as the methodology to investigate them [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on neutrophilic granulocyte (polymorphonuclear cell, PMN)-derived EVs.…”

The Emerging Role of Exosomes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…The size exclusion chromatography can be used to slow down the movement of small molecular, that protect the integrity and activity of exosomes. Magnetic bead and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are immunoaffinity-based exosome isolation methods, These methods capture the exosomes according to the antigen recognition of specific antibody ( Zhang et al, 2020 ). Immunoaffinity-based exosome isolation generates pure exosomes with low yield.…”