&lt;p&gt;High Level of IL-10 in Cerebrospinal Fluid is Specific for Diagnosis of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma&lt;/p&gt;

Shao, Jie; Chen, Kun; Li, Qing; Ma, Jingjing; Ma, Yan; Kang, Hui; Chen, Bobin

doi:10.2147/cmar.s255482

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…IL10 and IL6 are important protective cytokines which were secreted after inflammation and immune responses, which reduce cellular damage and promote the cellular repair process. More studies ( Ramkumar et al, 2012 ; Nguyen-Them et al, 2016 ; Shao et al, 2020 ) have shown that PCNSL has a greater relationship with IL-10 and IL-6. Especially IL-10, which is an important biomarker for PCNSL, elevated concentrations of IL-10 in the CSF make PCNSL more aggressive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characteristics of immunocytes infiltration in primary central nervous system lymphoma

Zhang

Sun²,

Lu³

et al. 2022

Front. Genet.

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Background: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare B-cell lymphoma of central nervous system, which is often found in immunocompromised patients. The common clinical treatment of PCNSL is methotrexate (MTX) and whole brain radiation therapy. With the development of tumour immunology research, the tumour microenvironment of PCNSL is characterised by abnormal expression of different immune signature molecules and patients with PCNSL may benefit from tumour immunotherapy.Methods: In our research, RNA-seq data from 82 PCNSL patients were collated by mining the microarray data from the GEO database. All samples were classified into three types related to tumour immune response by the Cibersort algorithm and consistent clustering. Differential analysis of genes was used to uncover 2 sets of differential genes associated with tumour immunity. The ICI scores of each sample were obtained by PCA algorithm, and the relationship between ICI scores and immune checkpoint expression, immunotherapy and drug sensitivity was investigated. Genes associated with ICI scores and their functional characteristics were investigated by WGCNA analysis and PPI analysis, based on the ICI scores of each sample.Results: The tumour microenvironment in PCNSL has a greater relationship with the tumour immune response. ICI scores obtained from 375 differential genes were associated with multiple immune responses in PCNSL. PCNSL patients with higher ICI scores had a better tumour microenvironment and were sensitive to immunotherapy and some small molecule drug. This study also identified 64 genes associated with ICI scores, which may serve as important therapeutic and prognostic targets for PCNSL.Conclusion: The presence of multiple immunosuppressive responses in the tumour microenvironment of PCNSL which suggested that improving the immune function of PCNSL patients through immunotherapy and targeted therapies can be an effective treatment for PCNSL. And the ICI score and associated genes may also provide a better predictor of the clinical use of immunotherapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characteristics of immunocytes infiltration in primary central nervous system lymphoma

Zhang

Sun²,

Lu³

et al. 2022

Front. Genet.

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“…Studies have found that potential PCNSL biomarkers include microRNAs (miR-21, miR-101, and 548b). Among them, miR-222 has a certain value for the early detection of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [20], as do soluble CD19, interleukin (IL-10), and chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), but further validation and screening are required to replace brain biopsy [21,22]. (3) In this case, the use of steroids and gamma globulin after the initial diagnosis may have caused atypical pathological changes that led to 2 biopsies for diagnosis [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system with positive NMDAR antibody: a case report

Sun

Liu

et al. 2022

BMC Neurol

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Background N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is an ionotropic glutamate (Glu) receptor that is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), mainly in the hippocampus. We present a case in which the patient had atypical clinical manifestations and was positive for anti-NMDAR antibodies. Case presentation A 40-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with “dizziness and double vision for 2 months”. At admission, the patient was lethargic, had short-term memory loss, exhibited loss of orientation (time, place, and person) and calculation ability, and had limited left eye abduction. After admission, serum anti- NMDAR antibody was 1:32, and cerebrospinal fluid was 1:1. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed diffuse abnormal signals in the bilateral basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem, hippocampus, and temporal lobe, with patchy and heterogeneous enhancement. A stereotactic brain biopsy was performed, and the pathological results indicated normal brain tissue. Preliminary diagnosis suggested anti-NMDAR antibody encephalitis. The patient was treated with methylprednisolone combined with intravenous gamma globulin; the symptoms were alleviated, and the patient was discharged. Two months later, the patient’s symptoms worsened, and a second stereotactic brain biopsy was performed. The pathological results showed that the patient had primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the CNS, and the patient was transferred to the Department of Hematology and received chemotherapy combined with rituximab. The patient was in stable condition. Conclusions When the primary CNS diffuses large B-cell lymphoma is associated with autoimmune encephalitis, it is very easy to be misdiagnosed. The diagnosis should not be based on the pathological examination that was performed in the early stage of the disease. Therefore, in the diagnosis of immune diseases caused by nervous system infections, it is necessary to dynamically observe the evolution of the disease, perform differential diagnoses when necessary, and ultimately improve our understanding of the disease.

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“…Shao et al defined an IL-10 cut-off level of 8.3 pg/mL, providing a sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of PCNSL of 59.0% and 98%, respectively. Interestingly, the inclusion of IL-6 in a combined ratio IL-10/IL-6 ratio at a cut-off of 1.6 increased the sensitivity and specificity to 66.0% and 91%, respectively [ 20 ]. Similar data were reported by Sasagawa et al for IL-10 with a cut-off of 3 pg/mL, providing a sensitivity and specificity of 94.7% and 100%, respectively [ 19 ].…”

Section: Il-10 and Il-6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Biopsy and Other Non-Invasive Diagnostic Measures in PCNSL

Baraniskin

Schroers

2021

Cancers

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Primary central nervous system lymphoma is a rare but highly aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that remains confined to the CNS neuroaxis. The diagnosis of PCNSL requires a high level of suspicion as clinical presentation varies depending on the involved CNS areas. Neurological symptoms and MRI findings may mimic gliomas, demyelinating lesions, or infectious and granulomatous diseases. Almost all PCNSL patients undergo invasive surgical procedures for definite diagnosis. Stereotactic biopsy is still the gold standard in achieving a diagnostic accuracy of 73–97%. Both the potential procedural morbidity and mortality, as well as the time to definite histopathologic diagnosis resulting in delays of treatment initiation, have to be considered. On the contrary, minimally invasive procedures, such as MRI, CSF cytology, and flow cytometry, still have limited value due to inferior specificity and sensitivity. Hence, novel diagnostic approaches, including mutation analyses (MYD88) in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and the determination of microRNAs (miR-21, miR-19b, and miR-92) as well as cytokine levels (IL10 and IL6) in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and vitreous fluid (VRF), move into the focus of investigation to facilitate the diagnosis of PCNSL. In this review, we outline the most promising approaches that are currently under clinical consideration.

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<p>High Level of IL-10 in Cerebrospinal Fluid is Specific for Diagnosis of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma</p>

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

Molecular characteristics of immunocytes infiltration in primary central nervous system lymphoma

Molecular characteristics of immunocytes infiltration in primary central nervous system lymphoma

Primary large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system with positive NMDAR antibody: a case report

Liquid Biopsy and Other Non-Invasive Diagnostic Measures in PCNSL

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