<p>Idiopathic Angioedema: Current Challenges</p>

Abstract

The etiological diagnosis of isolated recurrent angioedema poses problems because it must often be done urgently. Angioedema secondary to nonspecific mast cell activation (MC-AE) is the most frequent form and is usually mild. Bradykinin mediated angioedema (BK-AE) is rarer but potentially fatal in the absence of the correct treatment. Few biological markers exist. The C1-inhibitor (C1-inh) functional assay can exclude AE due to C1-inh deficiency. Genetic diagnoses of hereditary AE due to abnormal C1-inh AE have progressed with four currently known mutations. However, determining the physiopathological mechanism leading to some isolated AE cases is sometimes very difficult. In such cases, therapeutic tests are then the only solution: antihistamines at high doses and omalizumab for suspected MC-AE, icatibant for suspected AE-BK. Identifying new markers would be a great help.

Differences and Similarities in the Mechanisms and Clinical Expression of Bradykinin-Mediated vs. Mast Cell–Mediated Angioedema

“…Here, we reviewed the similarities and differences of the mechanisms and clinical expression of BK-AE and MCM-AE. Knowledge of these differences, together with differences in laboratory markers, which are reviewed elsewhere [ 82 ], can help to reduce the rates of misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis.…”

Angioedema. Interdisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations of the Polish Dermatological Society (PTD) and Polish Society of Allergology (PTA)

“…Obecnie wyróżnia się 4 typy AAE oraz 7 typów HAE (tab. 1) [6,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

The Role of Bloodletting and Cupping in Severe Acute Urticaria and Angioedema as Skin Emergencies in Persian Medicine

“…Although these skin conditions are usually self-limiting, mucocutaneous airway inflammation can be life-threatening in itself, or might contribute to anaphylactic shock [ 4 , 6 , 8 ]. Recent studies have reported that urticaria and angioedema are among the most common dermatological reasons patients are admitted to emergency rooms [ 1 , 2 , 9 , 10 ]. In emergency cases, airway patency must be ensured.…”