&lt;p&gt;Is Autism Inborn And Lifelong For Everyone?&lt;/p&gt;

Whiteley, Paul; Carr, Kevin; Shattock, Paul

doi:10.2147/ndt.s221901

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Anderson et al 2014 ; Cederlund et al 2008 ; Fein et al 2013 ; Gillberg et al 2016 ; Helles et al 2017 ; Helt et al 2008 ; Orinstein et al 2015a , b ). In each of these studies, the proportion of individuals reported to have lost all their autistic symptoms is small (generally less than 10%; Whiteley et al 2019 ) and subsequent, more detailed data analyses have often indicated some persisting subtle difficulties in the domains of social-communication, cognition, and emotional recognition. There may also be certain mental health difficulties, particularly related to phobias and ADHD (Orinstein et al 2015a , b ).…”

Section: Is There Recovery From Autism?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adults with Autism: Changes in Understanding Since DSM-111

Howlin

2021

J Autism Dev Disord

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Over the past four decades there have been significant advances in our understanding of autism, yet services for autistic adults continue to lag far behind those for children, and prospects for employment and independent living remain poor. Adult outcomes also vary widely and while cognitive and language abilities are important prognostic indicators, the influence of social, emotional, familial and many other factors remains uncertain. For this special issue marking the 40th anniversary of DSM-III, the present paper describes the changing perspectives of autism in adulthood that have occurred over this period, explores individual and wider environmental factors related to outcome, and suggests ways in which services need to be changed to improve the future for adults living with autism.

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Section: Is There Recovery From Autism?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adults with Autism: Changes in Understanding Since DSM-111

Howlin

2021

J Autism Dev Disord

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“…Lastly, we targeted only adults with ASD. Basically, the three main traits of ASD are found at birth and last a lifetime [ 54 ]. From this viewpoint, the pathogenesis of ASD lasts from birth to adulthood, but several factors, such as comorbidities, lifestyle, and drugs, could affect gene expression.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of aberrant innate and adaptive immunity based on changes in global gene expression in the blood of adults with autism spectrum disorder

Horiuchi

Yoshino

Kumon

et al. 2021

J Neuroinflammation

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Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized as a neurodevelopmental disorder, and one of the main hypotheses regarding its cause is genetic factors. A previous meta-analysis of seven microarray studies and one RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) study using the blood of children with ASD identified dysregulation of gene expressions relevant to the immune system. In this study, we explored changes in global gene expression as the phenotype of ASD in the blood of adults with ASD. Methods We recruited an RNA-seq cohort (ASD vs. control; n = 6 each) and a replication cohort (ASD vs. control; n = 19 each) and conducted RNA-seq to explore changes in global gene expression. We then subjected the significantly up- and downregulated genes to gene ontology (GO) and core analyses. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed with all 11,617 genes detected in RNA-seq to identify the ASD-specific gene network. Results In total, 117 significantly up- and 83 significantly downregulated genes were detected in the ASD compared with the control group, respectively (p < 0.05 and q < 0.05). GO analysis revealed that the aberrant innate and adaptive immunity were more obvious in the 117 upregulated than in the 83 downregulated genes. WGCNA with core analysis revealed that one module including many immune-related genes was associated with the natural killer cell signaling pathway. In the results for the replication cohort, significant changes with same trend found in RNA-seq data were confirmed for MAFB (p = 0.046), RPSAP58 (p = 0.030), and G2MK (p = 0.004). Limitations The sample size was relatively small in both the RNA-seq and replication cohorts. This study examined the mRNA expression level, so the interaction between mRNA and protein remains unclear. The expression changes between children and adults with ASD were not compared because only adults with ASD were targeted. Conclusions The dysregulated gene expressions confirmed in the blood of adults with ASD were relevant to the dysfunction of innate and adaptive immunity. These findings may aid in understanding the pathogenesis of ASD.

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“…ASD is for most people a lifelong disability. 2 Whilst developmental trajectories vary across individuals as a result of maturation and interventions 3,4 there is a substantial degree of persistence of core ASD features over a lifetime for many. This means that individualised support provisions are required across the lifespan for most individuals with ASD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Bridging the Gap Between Physical Health and Autism Spectrum Disorder</p>

Sala¹,

Amet²,

Blagojevic-Stokic³

et al. 2020

NDT

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly complex and heterogeneous developmental disorder that affects how individuals communicate with other people and relate to the world around them. Research and clinical focus on the behavioural and cognitive manifestations of ASD, whilst important, have obscured the recognition that ASD is also commonly associated with a range of physical and mental health conditions. Many physical conditions appear with greater frequency in individuals with ASD compared to non-ASD populations. These can contribute to a worsening of social communication and behaviour, lower quality of life, higher morbidity and premature mortality. We highlight some of the key physical comorbidities affecting the immune and the gastrointestinal systems, metabolism and brain function in ASD. We discuss how healthcare professionals working with individuals with ASD and parents/carers have a duty to recognise their needs in order to improve their overall health and wellbeing, deliver equality in their healthcare experiences and reduce the likelihood of morbidity and early mortality associated with the condition.

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<p>Is Autism Inborn And Lifelong For Everyone?</p>

Cited by 17 publications

References 57 publications

Adults with Autism: Changes in Understanding Since DSM-111

Adults with Autism: Changes in Understanding Since DSM-111

Identification of aberrant innate and adaptive immunity based on changes in global gene expression in the blood of adults with autism spectrum disorder

<p>Bridging the Gap Between Physical Health and Autism Spectrum Disorder</p>

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