<p>Low prevalence of resistance genes in sheltered homeless population in Marseille, France, 2014–2018</p>

Abstract

Objectives: The present study has explored the prevalence and potential factors contributing to the presence of nasal/pharyngeal resistant genes in homeless people. Methods: During the winters 2014–2018, we enrolled sheltered homeless adults and controls and collected nasal/pharyngeal samples. Sixteen antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including genes encoding for beta-lactamases and colistin-resistance genes, were searched by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) performed directly on respiratory samples and followed by conventional PCR and sequencing. Results: Over a 5-year period, using qPCR, we identified in homeless group (n=715) the presence of bla TEM (396/710, 54.7%), bla SHV (27/708, 3.6%), bla OXA-23 (1/708, 0.1%), while other genes including colistin-resistance genes ( mcr -1 to mcr -5) were absent. We found a significantly higher proportion of ARG carriage among controls (74.1%) compared to homeless population (57.1%), p =0.038. Tobacco smoking (OR=4.72, p <0.0001) and respiratory clinical signs (OR=4.03, p =0.002) were most prevalent in homeless people, while vaccination against influenza (OR=0.31, p =0.016) was lower compared to controls. Among homeless people, type of housing (shelter A versus B, OR=1.59, p =0.006) and smoking tobacco (smoker versus non-smoker, OR=0.55, p =0.001) were independent factors associated with ARG carriage. By sequencing, we obtained a high diversity of bla TEM and bla SHV in both populations. Conclusion: The lower risk for ARGs in the homeless population could be explained by limited access to health care and subsequently reduced exposure to antibiotics.

Investigation of urban birds as source of β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in Marseille city, France

“…aad, ant, aph, aac ( 6′ )- Ib, aac ( 3′ ), armA , and aac ( 6′ )- Ib - cr ) were investigated in Escherichia coli isolate (B32 strain) resistant to gentamicin and doxycycline. On overall, by qPCR and standard PCR we investigated genes encoding for extend-spectrum-β-lactamases ( bla SHV , bla VEB , bla GES , bla PER ), carbapenemases (VIM, NDM, OXA-23, OXA-24, OXA-48, OXA-58), and mobile colistin resistance genes ( mcr - 1 to mcr - 5 ) using primers and probes previously reported [19].…”

Low rates of enteric pathogenic bacteria and resistance gene carriage in the sheltered homeless population in Marseille, France

“…Real-time PCR (qPCR) amplifications were carried out using a C1000 Touch™ Thermal Cycle (Bio-Rad, USA) with the ready-to-use reaction mix ROX qPCR Master according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. The qPCR amplification was used to confirm the presence of (i) ESBL genes: bla CTX-M-A and bla CTX-B ( bla CTX-M cluster A and B) and carbapenemase-encoding genes: bla OXA-23 , bla OXA-24 , bla OXA-48 , bla OXA-58 , bla NDM , bla VIM , bla KPC and (ii) colistin-resistance genes: mcr -1, mcr -2 (including mcr -6), mcr -3, mcr -4, mcr-5 and mcr -8, by using primers as described and by using specific primers designed in our laboratory ( Table 1 ) [16, 21-26].…”

“…Marseille when compared to a non-homeless population [16]. In this cross-sectional study, using the same approach, we aimed to assess the prevalence of several gastrointestinal pathogens DNA and resistance genes carriage in the sheltered homeless in Marseille.…”

“…Gastrointestinal infections were diagnosed in 6% of hospitalised homeless persons at the infectious disease units in Marseille, France between 2017-2018[15]. In a previous work, using direct molecular detection, we observed a lower prevalence of resistance genes in nasal swabs in sheltered homeless in Marseille when compared to a non-homeless population [16]. In this cross-sectional study, using the same approach, we aimed to assess the prevalence of several gastrointestinal pathogens DNA and resistance genes carriage in the sheltered homeless in Marseille.…”

Evaluation of High-Resolution Melting Curve Analysis (HRM) assay for Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PASGNDM699: A dangerous New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) strain

“…DNA concentration was determined using a spectrophotometer Nanodrop-200 (Hangzhou Allsheng Instruments Co., Ltd, China). Primers sequence were initially set up as outlined in Ly et al [16], Bordin et al [6], Monteiro et al [17], Kosykowska et al [18], and Alkasaby et al [19].…”