&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Comments on "The phylogeny of post-Palaeozoic Asteroidea &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(Neoasteroidea, Echinodermata)" by A.S. Gale and perspectives &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;on the systematics of the Asteroidea&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Blake, Daniel B.; Mah, Christopher L.

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3779.2.4

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(175 reference statements)

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“…The position of the Forcipulatacea relative to other asteroids in Fig. 5 disagreed with the topology of Gale (2011) who embedded the forcipulates among other valvatidans within his "Tripedicellaria" clade, a relationship which has never been observed in prior literature (Blake and Mah, 2014).…”

Section: Gv Linchangco Et Alcontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…If allowance is made for the position of the Velatida, the tree topology in Fig. 5 is nearly identical to that of Blake (1987), who has consistently argued for a latediverging Paxillosida (e.g., Blake and Mah, 2014). Our results are similar to those of Mah and Foltz (2011b); however, their tree did not survey echinasterids, nor did they employ outgroup rooting (see Fig.…”

Section: The Paxillosida and Notomyotidasupporting

confidence: 63%

“…This discussion was historically framed as the question of whether the order Paxillosida (or one of its member families) diverged early or late during asteroid evolution. Evidence has been presented for (Mortensen, 1922(Mortensen, , 1923Fell, 1962aFell, , 1962bFell, , 1963Gale, 1987;Lafay et al, 1995;Wada et al, 1996;Gale, 2013) and against (MacBride, 1921(MacBride, , 1923a(MacBride, , 1923bMadsen, 1966;Blake, 1972Blake, , 1987Blake, , 1988Janies et al, 2011;Mah and Blake, 2012;Blake and Mah, 2014) an early divergence of Paxillosida among asteroid lineages. Recent morphological and molecular-based hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships amongst traditional asteroid orders are summarized in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The phylogeny of extant starfish (Asteroidea: Echinodermata) including Xyloplax, based on comparative transcriptomics

Linchangco

Foltz

Reid

et al. 2017

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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A B S T R A C TMulti-locus phylogenetic studies of echinoderms based on Sanger and RNA-seq technologies and the fossil record have provided evidence for the Asterozoa-Echinozoa hypothesis. This hypothesis posits a sister relationship between asterozoan classes (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea) and a similar relationship between echinozoan classes (Echinoidea and Holothuroidea). Despite this consensus around Asterozoa-Echinozoa, phylogenetic relationships within the class Asteroidea (sea stars or starfish) have been controversial for over a century. Open questions include relationships within asteroids and the status of the enigmatic taxon Xyloplax. Xyloplax is thought by some to represent a newly discovered sixth class of echinoderms -and by others to be an asteroid. To address these questions, we applied a novel workflow to a large RNA-seq dataset that encompassed a broad taxonomic and genomic sample. This study included 15 species sampled from all extant orders and 13 families, plus four ophiuroid species as an outgroup. To expand the taxonomic coverage, the study also incorporated five previously published transcriptomes and one previously published expressed sequence tags (EST) dataset. We developed and applied methods that used a range of alignment parameters with increasing permissiveness in terms of gap characters present within an alignment. This procedure facilitated the selection of phylogenomic data subsets from large amounts of transcriptome data. The results included 19 nested data subsets that ranged from 37 to 4,281 loci. Tree searches on all data subsets reconstructed Xyloplax as a velatid asteroid rather than a new class. This result implies that asteroid morphology remains labile well beyond the establishment of the body plan of the group. In the phylogenetic tree with the highest average asteroid nodal support several monophyletic groups were recovered. In this tree, Forcipulatida and Velatida are monophyletic and form a clade that includes Brisingida as sister to Forcipulatida. Xyloplax is consistently recovered as sister to Pteraster. Paxillosida and Spinulosida are each monophyletic, with Notomyotida as sister to the Paxillosida. Valvatida is recovered as paraphyletic. The results from other data subsets are largely consistent with these results. Our results support the hypothesis that the earliest divergence event among extant asteroids separated Velatida and Forcipulatacea from Valvatacea and Spinulosida.

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Section: Gv Linchangco Et Alcontrasting

confidence: 69%

Section: The Paxillosida and Notomyotidasupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The phylogeny of extant starfish (Asteroidea: Echinodermata) including Xyloplax, based on comparative transcriptomics

Linchangco

Foltz

Reid

et al. 2017

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…The number of marginal rows in the Zoroasteridae is still debated in the literature, with authors either describing only one row (Blake, 1987;Blake & Elliott, 2003;Mah, 2007;Mah & Blake, 2012;Blake & Mah, 2014) or two rows (Fisher, 1928;Downey, 1970;Gale, 2011). Blake (1978Blake ( , 1987, Blake & Elliott (2003), and Blake & Hagdorn (2003) discussed criteria for recognition of the marginal series.…”

Section: Ontogeny and Recognition Of Homologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results clearly show that only one row of ossicles (in addition to the carinals) arises next to the terminal (Figs 3LM and 4), and is morphologially differentiated. In the literature, when only one row of marginals is recognized, it is interpreted as being inferomarginals (Blake & Elliott, 2003;Blake & Hagdorn, 2003;Mah, 2007;Mah & Blake, 2012;Blake & Mah, 2014;Villier et al 2018). Gale (2011) introduced the forcipulatid plating rule (FPR), which describes the fairly consistent plating arrangement of the Forcipulatida.…”

Section: Ontogeny and Recognition Of Homologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐metamorphic ontogeny of Zoroaster fulgens Thomson, 1873 (Asteroidea, Forcipulatacea)

Fau

Villier

2018

Journal of Anatomy

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The complete ontogenetic development of an asteroid skeleton has never been described formally for any species. Here, we describe in detail the post‐metamorphic ontogeny of Zoroaster fulgens Thomson, 1873. The major novelty of our work is the description of patterns of plate addition, the ontogeny of the internal ossicles, as well as the variability of ossicles according to their position along series. Seven specimens collected in the Rockall Basin (North Atlantic) were dissected with bleach and their anatomy was documented using a scanning electron microscope. The external anatomy was additionally observed on more than 30 specimens. We found that the overall structure of the skeleton does not change much between juveniles and adults, but the shape of individual ossicle changes during growth. Allometric scaling was particularly visible on the orals, ambulacrals and adambulacrals. The shape of an ossicle is more dependent of its position along the arm series than of its individual size. Many morphological features differentiate progressively during ontogeny, while others are expressed consistently among specimens. The study of this ontogenetic series allows discussing the homology between the structures present on the ossicles of Z. fulgens in particular and other forcipulatacean sea stars in general (i.e. muscles insertions and articulation areas). The new data obtained in this study provide a comprehensive framework of the anatomy and ontogeny of Z. fulgens that will help resolve taxonomic and phylogenetic controversies in the future.

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Mitogenomics provides new insights into the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of deep-sea sea stars (Asteroidea)

Sun

Xiao

Sha

2022

Sci Rep

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The deep sea (> 200 m) is considered as the largest and most remote biome, which characterized by low temperatures, low oxygen level, scarce food, constant darkness, and high hydrostatic pressure. The sea stars (class Asteroidea) are ecologically important and diverse echinoderms in all of the world’s oceans, occurring from the intertidal to the abyssal zone (to about 6000 m). To date, the phylogeny of the sea stars and the relationships of deep-sea and shallow water groups have not yet been fully resolved. Here, we recovered five mitochondrial genomes of deep-sea asteroids. The A+T content of the mtDNA in deep-sea asteroids were significantly higher than that of the shallow-water groups. The gene orders of the five new mitogenomes were identical to that of other asteroids. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the orders Valvatida, Paxillosida, Forcipulatida are paraphyletic. Velatida was the sister order of all the others and then the cladeValvatida-Spinulosida-Paxillosida-Notomyotida versus Forcipulatida-Brisingida. Deep-sea asteroids were nested in different lineages, instead of a well-supported clade. The tropical Western Pacific was suggested as the original area of asteroids, and the temperate water was initially colonized with asteroids by the migration events from the tropical and cold water. The time-calibrated phylogeny showed that Asteroidea originated during Devonian-Carboniferous boundary and the major lineages of Asteroidea originated during Permian–Triassic boundary. The divergence between the deep-sea and shallow-water asteroids coincided approximately with the Triassic-Jurassic extinction. Total 29 positively selected sites were detected in fifteen mitochondrial genes of five deep-sea lineages, implying a link between deep-sea adaption and mitochondrial molecular biology in asteroids.

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<p><strong>Comments on "The phylogeny of post-Palaeozoic Asteroidea </strong><strong>(Neoasteroidea, Echinodermata)" by A.S. Gale and perspectives </strong><strong>on the systematics of the Asteroidea</strong></p>

Cited by 10 publications

References 83 publications

The phylogeny of extant starfish (Asteroidea: Echinodermata) including Xyloplax, based on comparative transcriptomics

The phylogeny of extant starfish (Asteroidea: Echinodermata) including Xyloplax, based on comparative transcriptomics

Post‐metamorphic ontogeny of Zoroaster fulgens Thomson, 1873 (Asteroidea, Forcipulatacea)

Mitogenomics provides new insights into the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of deep-sea sea stars (Asteroidea)

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