&lt;p&gt;Medication Profile and Treatment Cost Estimation Among Outpatients with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders in Indonesia&lt;/p&gt;

Puspitasari, Irma Melyani; Sinuraya, Rano K.; Rahayu, Cherry; Witriani, Witriani; Zannah, Uzlifatul; Hafifah, Auliani; Ningtyas, Ajeng Ratna; Vildayanti, Hilda

doi:10.2147/ndt.s240058

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder with recurrent relapses. This can result in a decrease in personal skills that occurs due to individual factors such as non-adherence to taking medication and factors from doctors, nurses, and families (Puspitasari et al, 2020). Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric problem in addition to having an individual impact, also has an impact on family unrest (Fonseca et al, 2020), especially when treatment is carried out at home.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family care model development in treating schizophrenia patients that have self-deficit nursing based system

Amir

Suhron

Sulaihah

2021

ijhms

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The purpose of this study is to develop a family care model in treating schizophrenia patients who experience self-deficit based on the nursing system during the COVID-19 pandemic. Explanatory research design with cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were all families of schizophrenic patients in two mental health institutions in Bangkalan, Indonesia with a total sample of 72 families. The research instrument used was a re-control checklist sheet and a questionnaire about family factors and conditioning factors, nursing system, and self-deficit observations. Data analysis was performed using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) using PLS (partial least square) software. Family factors affect Nursing System with a value (T-statistic 2.079), the conditioning factor affects Nursing System with a value (T-statistic 24,827), and Nursing System affects the Self Deficit with a value (T-statistic 4,104). Family factors and Conditioning factors make a major contribution in influencing the nursing system so that the nursing system has a significant impact on the self-care process in schizophrenic patients who experience self-deficit.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family care model development in treating schizophrenia patients that have self-deficit nursing based system

Amir

Suhron

Sulaihah

2021

ijhms

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“…Additional studies have examined more specific issues such as the costs of treating comorbid somatic conditions [ 16 ] and that of specific drugs [ 17 ]. Recent studies have also reported medical costs in non-Western countries, expanding our knowledge of global medicine and public health, with USD3200 reported as an annual cost in Taiwan during 2008 [ 18 ], USD134 in India during 2014 [ 19 ], and USD1284 in Indonesia during the 2016–2018 period [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs of psychotropics for outpatients with bipolar disorder in Japan; the MUSUBI 2016 survey

Adachi¹,

Kubota²,

Goto

et al. 2023

Annals of Medicine

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Background Although the costs of bipolar disorder (BD) treatments are associated with local and universal factors, data from non-Western countries remain limited. The associations between clinical features and costs of outpatient pharmacotherapy have not been well characterize. To estimate the costs of outpatient BD treatments and their associations with clinical features in a Japanese population, we investigated with special reference to the costs of medicines constituted the bulk of the total healthcare expense and were steadily increasing. Methods The Multicenter Treatment Survey for Bipolar Disorder (MUSUBI) retrospectively evaluated 3130 patients with BD who visited 176 Japanese psychiatric outpatient clinics in 2016. Clinical features and drug prescriptions were recorded, and the total daily costs of psychotropic drug treatment were calculated. The annual medical costs related to outpatient BD treatments in Japan were estimated based on the corresponding demographics. The associations between daily medical costs and patients’ clinical features were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results The daily costs of psychotropic drugs ranged from zero to JPY3245 (mean, JPY349 equivalent to USD32.5) and were exponentially distributed. The annual costs for outpatients BD treatments were approximately 51.9 billion Japanese yens (519 million US dollars). Subsequent multiple regression analysis revealed that social adjustment, depressive symptoms, age, rapid cycling, psychotic symptoms, and comorbid mental disorders correlated strongly with the daily cost of psychotropic drugs. Conclusion The estimated annual costs for outpatient BD treatment in Japan were equivalent to those in OECD countries (except for the US) and higher than those in some Asian countries. The cost of psychotropic treatments was associated with individual characteristics and psychopathological conditions. Key Messages Psychotropic treatment for an outpatient with bipolar disorder has a daily cost approximately JPY350. The annual outpatient treatment cost for bipolar disorder in Japan was estimated to 51.9 billion Japanese yen in 2016. Individual characteristics and psychopathological conditions affected the cost of drug treatment.

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“…Psychotropic medications are a class of drugs that are used to treat mental health disorders [ 6 ]. These medications can be classified into several categories according to the primary therapeutic effects and the mental health disorders they are intended to treat [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and Prevalence of Psychotropic Medication Use in Children and Adolescents in the Period Between 2013 and 2023: A Systematic Review

Altuwairqi

2024

Cureus

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Mental health problems among children and adolescents are a significant global public health concern, with a prevalence of approximately 10-20%. Psychotropic medications, including stimulants, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers, have been proven effective in treating various psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents. Despite the common use of these medications, they have various side effects and complications. This systematic review aimed to assess the trends and prevalence of psychotropic medication use among children and adolescents from 2013 to 2023. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane databases using relevant keywords. Two independent researchers screened the studies for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA), including information on study characteristics, participant demographics, psychiatric disorders, and psychotropic medications. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the ROBINS-I (Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions) tool for non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSI) and Risk of Bias 2 (ROB2) for the randomized clinical trial. Data synthesis was conducted through a qualitative interpretation of the findings. A total of 52 papers were identified through the search, with 37 remaining after duplicate removal. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, nine articles were considered suitable for the systematic review. A total of 9,034,109 patients suffered from several psychiatric diseases, such as autism, major depressive disorder, Down syndrome, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, adjustment disorder, anxiety, bipolar disorder, conduct disorder, depression, personality disorder, psychotic disorder, tic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder, and disruptive behavior disorder. Stimulants showed a consistent prevalence rate over the years. Antidepressants, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, have demonstrated variations over the years, with a substantial increase in 2015, followed by a decrease in subsequent years. In addition, antipsychotics, including atypical antipsychotics, have varied over the years; however, their use increased in 2023. Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics were also utilized, albeit at lower prevalence rates. This systematic review provides an overview of the trends and prevalence of psychotropic medication use among children and adolescents from 2013 to 2023. The prevalence of antipsychotic prescribing has shown fluctuations among different countries over the years, with a decline in recent years but a slight increase in 2023. Further research is warranted to explore the factors influencing these trends and to assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of psychotropic medications in children and adolescents.

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<p>Medication Profile and Treatment Cost Estimation Among Outpatients with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders in Indonesia</p>

Cited by 18 publications

References 45 publications

Family care model development in treating schizophrenia patients that have self-deficit nursing based system

Family care model development in treating schizophrenia patients that have self-deficit nursing based system

Costs of psychotropics for outpatients with bipolar disorder in Japan; the MUSUBI 2016 survey

Trends and Prevalence of Psychotropic Medication Use in Children and Adolescents in the Period Between 2013 and 2023: A Systematic Review

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