<p>Microbiological Profile and Drug-Resistance Pattern of Pathogens Among Patients Who Visited the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia</p>

Abstract

Background The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health threat in developing countries including Ethiopia; and there is a paucity of information regarding antimicrobial resistance patterns of commonly isolated pathogens, particularly in the study area. Hence, this study aimed to assess the microbiological profiles and resistance patterns of pathogens among patients who visited a tertiary hospital in the study setting. Methods This study was based on secondary data sources from the hospital microbiology database and culture reports between September 2019 and August 2020 at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospitals, Ethiopia. Data about socio-demographic characteristics and clinical parameters, types of specimens collected, culture results, and antibiotic resistance pattern were collected manually by using a data abstraction format from the department of clinical bacteriology registration book and electronic database. Results A total of 5328 culture results were included in the final analysis. Bacterial growth was documented only in 803 (15.1%) samples. From the positive culture results documented, the highest positivity rate was reported from abscess (47.8%) followed by blood (26.2%) and urine (15.1%) samples. Among the bacterial isolates S. aureus (32.5%), Klebsiella species (17.9%), E. coli (14.8%) and Streptococcus species (7.4%) were the commonly identified organisms. Of the 803 bacterial isolates, about 672 (83.6%) isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 19.7% isolates were MDR. Conclusion This study showed that Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia species, and Escherichia coli were the commonest isolated pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance among common isolates was high for most routinely used antibiotics, and some reserved drugs like carbapenems and fourth-generation cephalosporin. Thus, this study may have implications on patient management, drug procurement, local treatment guideline development, and rational use of antibiotics. Furthermore, this finding could also help to facilitate the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention and control interventions within the hospital.

Assessment of bacterial profile, antimicrobial susceptibility status, and associated factors of isolates among hospitalized patients at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia

“…This was supported by studies conducted in Ethiopia (67.8%) [ 21 ] and Indonesia (68.6%) [ 25 ]. The most predominant gram-negative isolate in this study was E. coli ( 22.8%), followed by K. pneumoniae (11.7%), which is similar to other studies conducted in Ethiopia [ 26 , 27 ] and Uganda [ 28 ]. This might be due to their major abundance as a normal flora and the fact that they can easily be transported to sterile areas of the body and cause infection [ 29 ].…”

“…Among these, S. aureus was the leading isolate. This finding is supported by studies conducted in Gondar, Ethiopia [ 27 ], and Indonesia [ 25 ]. Overall, E. coli and S. aureus were present at higher proportions.…”

“…In the current study, 171 (95%) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial tested, which is similar to a study conducted in Bahir Dar (94.4%) [ 26 ]. However, this result was higher than that reported in Debre Markos and Gondar, Ethiopia [ 18 , 27 ]. This may be due to increased overuse of antibiotics and self-medication, resulting in antibiotic resistance.…”

Distribusi Dan Pola Kepekaan Bakteri Patogen Pada Unit Perawatan Intensif Sebuah Rs Swasta Di Jakarta

“…Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh penggunaan antibiotik yang tinggi selama perawatan di ICU. [17][18][19] Ruang perawatan ICU sering dianggap sebagai episentrum perkembangan dan penyebaran mikroorganisme resisten. Pasien kritis menjadi rentan terhadap infeksi karena adanya paparan dari berbagai tindakan invasif, penggunaan obat-obatan yang mengganggu sistim pertahanan tubuh, seperti obat sedasi sehingga terjadi penekanan refleks batuk atau obat profilaksis stress ulcer yang akan menghambat sekresi asam lambung.…”