<p>Phenotypic and Genotypic Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance and Genotyping of <em>vacA</em>, <em>cagA</em>, <em>iceA</em>, <em>oipA</em>, <em>cagE</em>, and <em>babA2</em> Alleles of <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> Bacteria Isolated from Raw Meat</p>

Abstract

Background: Foodstuffs with animal origins, particularly meat, are likely reservoirs of Helicobacter pylori. Purpose: An existing survey was accompanied to assess phenotypic and genotypic profiles of antibiotic resistance and genotyping of vacA, cagA, cagE, iceA, oipA, and babA2 alleles amongst the H. pylori bacteria recovered from raw meat. Methods: Six-hundred raw meat samples were collected and cultured. H. pylori isolates were tested using disk diffusion and PCR identification of antibiotic resistance genes and genotyping. Results: Fifty-two out of 600 (8.66%) raw meat samples were contaminated with H. pylori. Raw ovine meat (13.07%) had the uppermost contamination. H. pylori bacteria displayed the uppermost incidence of resistance toward tetracycline (82.69%), erythromycin (80.76%), trimethoprim (65.38%), levofloxacin (63.46%), and amoxicillin (63.46%). All H. pylori bacteria had at least resistance toward one antibiotic, even though incidence of resistance toward more than eight antibiotics was 28.84%. Total distribution of rdxA, pbp1A, gyrA, and cla antibiotic resistance genes were 59.61%, 51.92%, 69.23%, and 65.38%, respectively. VacA s1a (84.61%), s2 (76.92%), m1a (50%), m2 (39.13%), iceA1 (38.46%), and cagA (55.76%) were the most generally perceived alleles. S1am1a (63.46%), s2m1a (53.84%), s1am2 (51.92%), and s2m2 (42.30%) were the most generally perceived genotyping patterns. Frequency of cagA-, oipA-, and babA2-genotypes were 44.23%, 73.07%, and 80.76%, respectively. A total of 196 combined genotyping patterns were also perceived. Conclusion: The role of raw meat, particularly ovine meat, in transmission of virulent and resistant H. pylori bacteria was determined. VacA and cagA genotypes had the higher incidence. CagE-, babA2-, and oipA-H. pylori bacteria had the higher distribution. Supplementary surveys are compulsory to originate momentous relations between distribution of genotypes, antibiotic resistance, and antibiotic resistance genes.

Assessment of The Distribution and Concentration of Residual Antibiotics in Chicken Meat and Liver Samples Collected in Tehran by Liquid Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…Similar findings have been reported from Iran [32,33], Bulgaria [34] and Egypt [35]. High prescription of antibiotic agents caused severe increase in the levels of antibiotic resistant-bacteria other than antibiotic residues [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50].…”

The First Report of the Antimicrobial Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Seafood Samples

“…The growingincidence of foodborne diseases in variousworld sites has been related to increasedraw food consumption [11,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Study The effect of Brown Alga (Colpomeni sinousa) on Melanosis, Quality and Lipid Oxidation of Western Pacific Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) During The storage on Ice

“…Our findings revealed that C. sinousa extract (10%) could improve the sensory score and extend the shelf-life of Pacific white shrimp up to 20 days. According to the high prevalence of food-borne pathogens in Iran [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50], application of C. sinousa extract as a natural preservative has been suggested in future investigations.…”