2019
DOI: 10.2147/ahmt.s219594
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<p>Poor sleep and adolescent obesity risk: a narrative review of potential mechanisms</p>

Abstract: Poor sleep is related to increased obesity risk in adolescents, though the mechanisms of this relationship are unclear. This paper presents a conceptual framework of the various pathways that have been proposed to drive this relationship. In this framework, increased food reward, emotional reactivity, decreased inhibitory control, metabolic disturbances, poorer dietary quality, and disrupted meal timings may increase the likelihood of increasing overall energy intake. This paper further notes how poor sleep in… Show more

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Cited by 48 publications
(60 citation statements)
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References 120 publications
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“…Magnitudes of association were somewhat attenuated in girls when adjusted for sleep latency and night waking frequency, but later sleep onset predicted higher adiposity, and going to sleep between 11-11:59pm predicted 36% higher likelihood of overweight and obesity. The best available evidence remains of low quality but suggests that short sleep, later onset, and poor sleep quality may elevate obesity risk via shared pathways, including: (a) increased neural activation in regions of the brain that are associated with food desirability, which drives a preference for nutritionally poor calorific foodstuffs, and is amplified by increased opportunity to eat due to being awake longer, (b) decreased insulin sensitivity, (c) disrupted meal timing, for instance skipping breakfast then overcompensating by eating more energy-dense foods later in the day, and (d) increased sedentary behaviour due to being awake longer (particularly more screen time late on evenings which is associated with increased snacking behaviour), and tiredness dissuading physical activity [14, 15]. The results of this study were however independent of physical activity, myriad screen-based behaviours (including TV viewing, electronic gaming, and social media use), and a composite healthy diet index.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Magnitudes of association were somewhat attenuated in girls when adjusted for sleep latency and night waking frequency, but later sleep onset predicted higher adiposity, and going to sleep between 11-11:59pm predicted 36% higher likelihood of overweight and obesity. The best available evidence remains of low quality but suggests that short sleep, later onset, and poor sleep quality may elevate obesity risk via shared pathways, including: (a) increased neural activation in regions of the brain that are associated with food desirability, which drives a preference for nutritionally poor calorific foodstuffs, and is amplified by increased opportunity to eat due to being awake longer, (b) decreased insulin sensitivity, (c) disrupted meal timing, for instance skipping breakfast then overcompensating by eating more energy-dense foods later in the day, and (d) increased sedentary behaviour due to being awake longer (particularly more screen time late on evenings which is associated with increased snacking behaviour), and tiredness dissuading physical activity [14, 15]. The results of this study were however independent of physical activity, myriad screen-based behaviours (including TV viewing, electronic gaming, and social media use), and a composite healthy diet index.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The best available evidence remains of low quality, but suggests that biological and behavioural factors likely underpin the associations of sleep characteristics with adiposity. Inadequate sleep may stimulate hormone-mediated preferences for nutritionally poor calorific foodstuffs, which could be compounded by poor sleep enabling more time to eat, shifting meal times to later in the day, creating more opportunities for screen-based sedentary time, and reducing daily physical activity due to fatigue [14, 15]. Providing additional evidence to support one or more of the hypothesised pathways could help to ameliorate the consequences of inadequate sleep by identifying modifiable intermediate behaviours that can be targeted for mitigation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Greater food reward is suggested by higher scores for food appeal, intensity and O max , and lower scores for elasticity. SEM, standard error of the mean (Duraccio, Krietsch, Chardon, Van Dyk, & Beebe, 2019;Krietsch, Chardon, Beebe, & Janicke, 2019).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This pattern is similar to that observed by Duraccio and colleagues (2019); they also observed that only normal‐weight adolescents demonstrated increased food reward following sleep restriction (overweight adolescents had consistently high food reward in both sleep restriction and healthy sleep).We recommend that future work continues to examine the effect of BMI‐by‐sleep interactions on dietary outcomes, as well as sex‐by‐sleep interactions, which showed evidence of a “signal” that did not meet the Bonferroni significance correction. It is also important to better understand how food reward processes might relate to other dietary factors proposed to link sleep with adolescent intake, such as inhibitory control, emotional eating and appetite‐regulating hormones (Duraccio, Krietsch, Chardon, Van Dyk, & Beebe, 2019; Krietsch, Chardon, Beebe, & Janicke, 2019).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Two key metrics in describing sleep are quality and duration. Early research has suggested the existence of associations between sleep duration and diet in young people [ 21 , 22 ]. One of these studies even noted that sleep restriction in childhood was associated with less favourable BMI profiles in older age [ 23 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%