&lt;p&gt;Possible Oncogenic Viruses Associated with Lung Cancer&lt;/p&gt;

Hu, Yan; Ren, Siying; He, Yu; Wang, Li; Chen, Chen; Tang, Jingqun; Li, Wenliang; Yu, Fei

doi:10.2147/ott.s263976

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 189 publications

(255 reference statements)

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“…NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Assessment Scale; BMI, body mass index; HRT, hormone replacement therapy; ET, estrogen replacement therapy; Newcastle-Ottawa Assessment Scale; OS, overall survival; PMH, postmenopausal hormone; OCP, oral contraceptive. hand smoke (50), and other factors [e.g., oncogenes (51), Oncogenic viruses (52), Radon (53)]. Meanwhile, A significantly higher incidence of lung cancer in female non-smokers than male non-smokers (5,6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between different hormone replacement therapy use and the incidence of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Wen¹,

Lin²,

Sun³

2022

J Thorac Dis

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Background: Many peri-and postmenopausal women use hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to relieve menopausal symptoms. However, the side effects of different HRT use (ever/current/former vs. never HRT use) on lung cancer risk in women were not completely consistent. Thus, we conducted this meta-analysis to examine the connection between current, former or ever HRT use and the incidence of lung cancer among women.Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and VIP databases to identify relevant articles published from the inception of the respective databases to February 18, 2022. On the relationship between different HRT use and the incidence of lung cancer among women. Relevant risk estimates [relative risks (RRs), odds ratio (OR)] were combined based on specific study types. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of included studies. This analysis has been registered in the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42020219728). Publication bias was tested based on Egger's and Begg's tests.Results: A total of 22 studies (13 prospective cohort studies and 9 case-control studies) were included, comprising 911,194 participants and 17,329 patients. Compared to never HRT users, in pooled cohort studies, current HRT users had a statistically decreased risk of lung cancer [RR 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86-0.97, I 2 =22.9%], and similar results were found among the postmenopausal women with current HRT use (RR 0.91, 95 CI: 0.85-0.98, I 2 =36%), while in pooled case-control studies, ever HRT users had a decreased risk of incidence of lung cancer [odds ratio (OR) 0.75, 95% CI: 0.69-0.81, I 2 =0%] as did female non-smokers with ever HRT use (OR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.66-0.87, I 2 =36.8%).Conclusions: Current or ever HRT use is partly correlated with the decreased incidence of lung cancer in women. Concerns about the incidence of lung cancer can be reduced when perimenopausal and postmenopausal women use current HRT to reduce menopausal symptoms. Meanwhile, given the roles of hormone receptors and relevant genes single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) among females, HRT use should be cautiously administered and individualized.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between different hormone replacement therapy use and the incidence of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Wen¹,

Lin²,

Sun³

2022

J Thorac Dis

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“…Moreover, HPV can decrease the expression of p53 in lung tumors and suppress tumor cell apoptosis via upregulation of the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) but downregulation of Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (Bak) [ 47 ]. Inflammatory IL-6 and IL-17 secreted by lung cancer cells in response to HPV stimuli would significantly exacerbate the condition of microenvironmental inflammation and lead to lung tumorigenesis and tumor development [ 48 ].…”

Section: Virus and Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark under the Lamp: Neglected Biological Pollutants in the Environment Are Closely Linked to Lung Cancer

Wang,

Chan,

Zhang

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Environmental pollutants are closely linked to lung cancer. The different types of environmental pollutants can be classified as chemical, physical, and biological. The roles of common chemical and physical pollutants such as PM2.5, smoking, radon, asbestos, and formaldehyde in lung cancer have been extensively studied. Notably, the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic raised awareness of the strong link between biological pollution and human health. Allergens such as house dust mites and pollen, as well as bacteria and viruses, are common biological pollutants. A few biological pollutants have been reported to promote lung cancer via inducing inflammatory cytokines secretion, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β, as well as suppressing immunosurveillance by upregulating regulatory T (Treg) cells while dampening the function of CD8+ T cells and dendritic cells. However, the correlation between common biological hazards, such as SARS-CoV-2, human immunodeficiency viruses, Helicobacter pylori, and house dust mites, and lung cancer is not fully elucidated, and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Moreover, the majority of studies that have been performed in lung cancer and biological carcinogens were not based on the perspective of biological pollutants, which has challenged the systematicity and coherence in the field of biological pollutants in lung cancer. Here, in addition to reviewing the recent progress made in investigating the roles of allergens, viruses, and bacteria in lung cancer, we summarized the potential mechanisms underlying biological pollutants in lung cancer. Our narrative review can shed light on understanding the significance of biological pollutants in lung cancer, as well as inspire and broaden research ideas on lung cancer etiology.

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“…For instance, exposure to influenza was correlated with a 1.09-fold higher risk of lung cancer, although it is uncertain that this specific exposure caused oncogenesis. Other viruses that have been found in lung tumors include human papillomavirus (HPV), John Cunningham virus (JCV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), but more clinical studies are necessary to confirm their role in lung cancer ( 33 , 34 ). Early work studying the role of infections in tumorigenesis found that mice exposed to a respiratory infection of Mycoplasma pulmonis had an increased incidence of lung neoplasms after exposure to carcinogens compared to germ-free mice and specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice ( 35 ).…”

Section: Lung Cancer and The Role Of The Lung Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

The lung, the niche, and the microbe: Exploring the lung microbiome in cancer and immunity

2023

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The lung is a complex and unique organ system whose biology is strongly influenced by environmental exposure, oxygen abundance, connection to extrapulmonary systems via a dense capillary network, and an array of immune cells that reside in the tissue at steady state. The lung also harbors a low biomass community of commensal microorganisms that are dynamic during both health and disease with the capacity to modulate regulatory immune responses during diseases such as cancer. Lung cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide with the highest mortality rate amongst cancers due to the difficulty of an early diagnosis. This review discusses the current body of work addressing the interactions between the lung microbiota and the immune system, and how these two components of the pulmonary system are linked to lung cancer development and outcomes. Bringing in lessons from broader studies examining the effects of the gut microbiota on cancer outcomes, we highlight many challenges and gaps in this nascent field.

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<p>Possible Oncogenic Viruses Associated with Lung Cancer</p>

Cited by 19 publications

References 189 publications

The association between different hormone replacement therapy use and the incidence of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The association between different hormone replacement therapy use and the incidence of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Dark under the Lamp: Neglected Biological Pollutants in the Environment Are Closely Linked to Lung Cancer

The lung, the niche, and the microbe: Exploring the lung microbiome in cancer and immunity

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