<p>Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Associated Factors Among Internally Displaced People in South Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

Abstract

Background: Displaced people experience different traumatic events. This can have serious and long-lasting consequences in terms of physical and mental health outcome. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most frequent mental disorder following traumatic exposure. In 2018 Ethiopia saw the highest number of internal displacement, despite this, less attention has been given to mental health among internally displaced people in the country. This study aims to determine the estimated prevalence and associated factors of PTSD among internally displaced people in the Gede'o zone, south Ethiopia. Participants and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between 1 and 30, May 2019 among 636 participants, who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. PTSD was measured by the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). The association between outcome and independent variables was identified by bi-variable and multivariate logistic regression. Finally, variables with P-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant at 95% CI. Results: A total of 625 participants were interviewed with a response rate of 98.3%. The estimated prevalence of PTSD was 58.4% with 95% CI 55 to 61.9. In the multivariate logistic regression, being female (AOR=2.4, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.4), depression (AOR=2.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.9), displaced more than once (AOR=3.7, 95% CI 2.4 to 5.8), destruction of personal property (AOR=1.6, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.44), witness the murder of family (AOR=2, 95% CI 1.2, 3.9), and cumulative trauma (AOR=4, 95% CI 1.7 to 9.6) were significantly associated factors. Conclusion: In the current study, the estimated prevalence of PTSD was high. Ministry of health should plan routine screening and management of PTSD, depression and linking with available mental health service is recommended.

Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Among Internally Displaced Persons In Mogadishu

“…1.60-7.79; p=0.002). This nding is consistent with other studies which found signi cant correlation between poor mental health outcome and cumulative trauma exposure (11,(30)(31)(32)(33)…”

Understanding the health needs of internally displaced persons: A scoping review

“…Common predictors of mental disorders among IDP populations are female gender ( Makhashvili et al., 2014 ; Thapa and Hauff, 2005 ; Richards et al., 2011 ; Roberts et al., 2008 ; Sheikh et al., 2015 ; Turnip and Hauff, 2007 ; Madoro et al., 2020 ) (although male gender is strongly associated with harmful alcohol use ( Ramachandran et al., 2019 ; Roberts et al., 2011 ; Roberts et al., 2014 ; Lagos-Gallego et al., 2017 ; Kizza et al., 2012 ) and experiencing multiple traumatic events ( Amodu et al., 2020 ; Makhashvili et al., 2014 ; Richards et al., 2011 ; Porter and Haslam, 2005 ; Roberts et al., 2008 ; Madoro et al., 2020 ; Gichunge et al., 2020 ; Almedom et al., 2005 ; Araya et al., 2007 ), unemployment and impoverishment ( Makhashvili et al., 2014 ; Roberts et al., 2008 ; Sheikh et al., 2015 ; Siriwardhana et al., 2013 ), and prolonged and multiple internal displacement ( Makhashvili et al., 2014 ; Siriwardhana et al., 2014 ; Madoro et al., 2020 ; Gichunge et al., 2020 ; Siriwardhana et al., 2013 ).…”

About Six in Ten Survivors of the November 2020 Maikadra Massacre Suffer from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Northwest Ethiopia

“…These are preexisting factors such as mental illness and drug use in the family, the traumatic event itself, level of exposure, and post-trauma factors such as social support. 12 Individuals suffering from PTSD have the potential to influence public and mental health outcomes in several ways next to large number of immediate direct casualties in combatants and civilians. 7,10,13 It is also associated with substantial psychiatric comorbidity, 14 increased risk of suicide, and considerable economic burden.…”

“…Research conducted in Ethiopia on an internally displaced community reported the prevalence of PTSD to be 58.4%. 12 Another community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Ethiopia among Koshe landslide survivors showed that the prevalence of PTSD was 37.3%. 35 There are several factors associated with the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder following exposure to traumatic events.…”

“…Studies done among internally displaced people and those exposed to landslides in Ethiopia identified that females were more likely to develop PTSD than males. 12 Apart from the demographic characteristics of individuals, a history of mental illnesses is a predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder. 42 Specifically, a history of depression was significantly associated with post-traumatic stress disorder.…”