<p>Predictors of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Indicators in a Cohort of Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain</p>

Abstract

Establishing predictors of mental health outcomes is a crucial precursor to the development and assessment of psychological interventions for women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP). The objective of this study was to identify predictors of depression, anxiety and stress in a cohort of women with CPP. Design: Cross-sectional analytic study. Methods: Pre-treatment questionnaires were collected from 212 women with CPP, who had attended a private specialist pelvic pain clinic over a period of 18 months. Multivariate linear regression with backwards elimination was used to determine the best joint predictors of depression, anxiety and stress scores on the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 item (DASS 21). Results: Of 19 potential predictor variables, seven key predictors of depression, anxiety and stress indicators were identified. Higher depression scores were associated with higher current pain severity, a history of stabbing pains, prior experience of a sexually distressing event, having experienced pain as a child, and never having been pregnant before. Higher anxiety scores were associated with higher current pain severity, a history of stabbing pains, prior experience of a sexually distressing event, younger age of menarche, and younger age. Predictors of high-stress scores were higher current pain severity, a history of stabbing pains, prior experience of a sexually distressing event, and being younger. Conclusion: We have identified several important predictors of mental health in women with CPP. Using this information, psychological assessment and treatment for these women may be better tailored to client needs.

To Investigate the Risk of Herpes Zoster in Women With Endometriosis: A Taiwan National Population-Based Cohort Study

“…Recently, Brooks et al demonstrated that a higher depression score was associated with a currently higher severity of CPP by using the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale in a sample population of 212 women. It has been determined that the severity of depression is dependent upon the severity of pain ( 18 ).…”

Depression, Anxiety and Endometriosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

“…Most case-control studies, reported that symptoms of depression occurred significantly more often in endometriosis patients compared with healthy controls [28,[30][31][32]35,39,43,46,51,56,62,66,68] but not compared with CPP patients without endometriosis [29,43,48,53,54,56,57,60,62,67]. On the contrary, four studies did not find a higher depression rate in endometriosis patients compared with healthy controls [38,44,57,71].…”

“…Finally, 47 articles were included and a systematic qualitative review was performed . Due to variations in study design, lack of control groups, different methods of measuring outcome and due to missing data, only 17 articles were eligible for data-pooling and meta-analysis [28,29,35,38,43,46,38,51,[54][55][56]57,[60][61][62]67,68]. Figure 1 shows a flowchart of the literature review process.…”

“…Twenty-one studies inves-tigated anxiety and depression symptoms in endometriosis patients without including a control group [27,33,34,36,37,[39][40][41][42]45,47,49,50,52,58,59,63,65,66,69,70,72,73]. Twenty-six studies compared endometriosis patients with a group of either healthy controls [30,32,35,38,39,46,51,55], CPP patients without endometriosis [29,48,54,60,67], infertile patients without endometriosis [61,64] or a combination of control groups [28,43,44,53,56,57,62,68,71]. Four studies compared endometriosis patients with pain symptoms to pain-free endometriosis patients [28,…”

Acupuncture for chronic pelvic pain in patients with SPID

“…[ 8 ] In women who suffering from CPP, often accompanied by anxiety, substance abuse or mental disorders. [ 9 , 10 ] Western medicine has limited methods for treating CPP because of special pathological changes: adhesions, scarring, and pelvic congestion.…”