&lt;p&gt;Prevalence And Associated Factors Of Enacted, Internalized And Anticipated Stigma Among People Living With HIV In South Africa: Results Of The First National Survey&lt;/p&gt;

Peltzer, Karl; Pengpid, Supa

doi:10.2147/hiv.s229285

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…They were concerned about possible breaches of confidentiality as well as discrimination. While this is in line with previous research from the UK [ 19 ], US [ 6 ], and from South Africa [ 34 ], our study has shown that many PLWH still experience enacted or anticipated stigma in the form of institutional or social dishonour. Although our study found that ‘courtesy’ stigma (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

HIV-related stigma in the UK then and now: to what extent are we on track to eliminate stigma? A qualitative investigation

et al. 2021

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Background The introduction of effective antiretroviral treatment in the late 1990s led to the perception that HIV was a chronic but manageable condition. Nevertheless, stigma remains one of the major hurdles for people living with HIV (PLWH) to accessing healthcare and biomedical preventions. Thus, Fast Track Cities has set a target of zero HIV discrimination by 2030 as part of its strategy to end HIV transmission. Methods Fifty-three participants from the United Kingdom, including PLWH (n = 21, 40%), health and social care workers (n = 24, 45%), and charity workers and activists (n = 13, 25%), were recruited. Semi-structured interviews investigated stigma and discrimination, focusing on both before and after the widespread use of effective antiretroviral treatment in the late 1990s. Data were analysed using a thematic approach. Results Before effective antiretroviral treatment narratives were shaped by two main themes: 1) the media’s role in influencing public opinion and contributing to misunderstandings of HIV transmission; and 2) personal experiences of HIV-related stigma, which for PLWH included incidents of physical violence and aggression, as well as fears of their HIV status being publicised. Contemporary narratives on stigma experiences were organised around four themes: 1) discrimination in healthcare settings; 2) stigma amongst men who have sex with men (MSM); 3) stigma towards African and Afro-Caribbean PLWH; and 4) the limits of change in public HIV-related knowledge and attitudes. Contemporary narratives indicated a reduction in enacted stigma, but continued anticipation of discrimination and self-reported shame, particularly in MSM and African and Afro-Caribbean PLWH. Conclusion The nature of stigma against those with HIV has evolved. The intersection of PLWH and minority groups (e.g. MSM and African and Afro-Caribbean persons) may enhance anticipatory and internalised stigma, with some suggestion that this may contribute to reduced engagement in HIV care and prevention services. Our findings indicate the need for further research in this area, as well as proactive interventions with community groups to enhance knowledge of HIV.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

HIV-related stigma in the UK then and now: to what extent are we on track to eliminate stigma? A qualitative investigation

et al. 2021

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“…Overall, 53.76% of pregnant women experienced HIVrelated stigmatization. The proportion was lower, comparative to 79.1% of internalized stigmatization in the United States, 77.8% of overt stigmatization in women from Chile, and 62.2% of anticipatory stigmatization in PLWH receiving ART in the Oromia region, Ethiopia (5,6,25); however, our number was found to be greater than the 29.0% of enacted stigmatization in PLWH in South Africa, and 25.2% in depressed pregnant women living with HIV in Kenya, and less than the 10% enacted stigmatization in participants at HIV clinics in Guangxi China (7,13,21). Difference in the HIV-related stigma was partially due to variations in social background and culture, participants' characteristics and perspectives toward HIV.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…HIV-related stigmatization is common, and it has been reported that 60-80% of HIV-infected adults have made at least one statement regarding HIV-related stigmatization (5,6). People living with HIV (PLWH) face internalized or overt stigmatization, such as being ashamed of HIV infection, being the subject of malignant gossip, and being discriminated against in their living settings (5)(6)(7)(8). Previous studies have shown that women have higher odds of experiencing both higher enacted stigmatization and internalized stigmatization than men at home and abroad (8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stigmatization and Social Support of Pregnant Women With HIV or Syphilis in Eastern China: A Mixed-Method Study

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundStigmatization and poor social support are challenges faced by individuals living with HIV or sexually transmitted disease, which can have a profound negative impact on their healthcare. Mother-to-child transmission of either HIV or syphilis can lead to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate stigmatization and social support of pregnant women with HIV or syphilis in eastern China.MethodsThis was an explanatory sequential mixed-method study conducted in Zhejiang province, China in 2019. Stigmatization, social support, and the associated factors toward HIV or syphilis were evaluated using questionnaires. The social support rating scale was used to evaluate social support, where a score <25% was defined as poor social support. A logistic regression model was used to explore the association between stigmatization and poor social support.ResultsA total of 448 women (HIV positive, N = 93; syphilis, N = 355) were recruited in this study. Higher stigmatization was observed in pregnant women with HIV compared to those with syphilis (53.76% vs. 24.36%, p < 0.001), and poorer social support was observed in women with HIV compared with those with syphilis (40.86% vs. 19.86%, p < 0.001), with significant distributions of the total social support scores (Z = −1.976, p = 0.048) and scores on objectivity (Z = −2.036, p = 0.042) and subjectivity (Z = −2.500, p = 0.012). Similar social support among HIV or syphilis pregnant women was observed in medical healthcare facilities. In multivariable logistic model analysis, stigmatization (ORadj = 2.927; 95%CI, 1.714–4.996; p < 0.001) and ethnic minority (ORadj = 2.373; 95%CI, 1.113–5.056; p = 0.025) were negatively associated with social support. Interestingly, employment status was associated with improved social support (ORadj = 0.345; 95%CI, 0.180–0.662; p = 0.001).ConclusionStigmatization among pregnant women with HIV or syphilis remains high. We demonstrated that stigmatization was a significant predictor of low social support in pregnant women with HIV or syphilis. The support shown in medical facilities was similar toward pregnant women with HIV or syphilis. Implementation of stigmatization eradication and social support strategies targeting pregnant women with HIV or syphilis may therefore improve the dual elimination of mother-to-child transmission service.

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“…31,[36][37][38] Even though, magnitude of discrimination towards PLWHA is reduced in the last decade in Africa, it is still a public health problem which affects the successes of HIV-related programs in the continent. [39][40][41][42][43] In Ethiopia, the prevalence of HIV/AIDS-related discrimination is high. In Dessie (41.93%), 44 Jimma referral hospital (56%), 45 Oromia (62%), 24 Amhara (34%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Discrimination Towards People Living with HIV/AIDS Among People Aged 15–49 Years in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis

Arefaynie¹,

Damtie²,

Kefale³

et al. 2021

HIV

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Background: There is limited national representative evidence on determinants of discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS especially, community-level factors that are not investigated in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess individual and community-level factors associated with discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS among 15-49 age people in Ethiopia. Methods: A secondary data analysis was done on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey dataset which was collected cross-sectional. A total of 25,927 weighted 15-49 age people were included in the analysis. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was done by STATA version 14.0 to identify individual and communitylevel factors. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of the association and statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05. Results: From individual level factors, being female [AOR=1.47, 95% CI= (1.18, 1.83)], not attend education [AOR=5.88,95% CI= (4.50, 7.67)], attending primary education [AOR=3.03, 95% CI= (2.40, 3.81)] and attending secondary education [AOR=1.48, 95% CI= (1.19, 1.82)] have discrimination attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS. From community level factors, live in low proportion of educated communities [AOR=1.33, 95% CI= (1.01, 1.65)], rural dweller [AOR=1.65, 95% CI= (1.23, 2.21)], live in low proportion of HIV tested communities [AOR=1.61, 95% CI= (1.33, 1.93)] were significantly associated with discrimination attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: Sex of the respondent, religion, educational status, household wealth index, marital status, media exposure, internet use, HIV test status, region, and residence, community level of education, and community level of HIV test status were predictors of discrimination attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. Improving educational and community-level HIV/AIDS test coverage are important interventions to reduce discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS in the country.

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<p>Prevalence And Associated Factors Of Enacted, Internalized And Anticipated Stigma Among People Living With HIV In South Africa: Results Of The First National Survey</p>

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

HIV-related stigma in the UK then and now: to what extent are we on track to eliminate stigma? A qualitative investigation

HIV-related stigma in the UK then and now: to what extent are we on track to eliminate stigma? A qualitative investigation

Stigmatization and Social Support of Pregnant Women With HIV or Syphilis in Eastern China: A Mixed-Method Study

Predictors of Discrimination Towards People Living with HIV/AIDS Among People Aged 15–49 Years in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis

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