&lt;p&gt;Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in Iranian children under 6 years of age: a systematic review and meta-analysis&lt;/p&gt;

Nazari, Mahboubeh; Mohammadnejad, Esmaeil; Dalvand, Sahar; Gheshlagh, Reza Ghanei

doi:10.2147/jbm.s196102

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Additionally, iron deficiency (ID) mostly resulting in anemia which was very prevalent among children throughout the world, especially in developing countries [11]. The higher prevalence of anemia among children in developing countries can be attributed to low intake of iron supplements in the early years of life which is known for the fast development of children's lifestyle, geographical factors, socio-economic status and children's nutritional status [12].…”

Section: Iron Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does socio-economic inequality exist in micro-nutrients supplementation among children aged 6–59 months in India? Evidence from National Family Health Survey 2005–06 and 2015–16

Srivastava

Kumar

2021

BMC Public Health

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Background Globally, about 25% of children suffer from subclinical vitamin A deficiency (VAD), and approximately 300 million children globally had anemia as per 2011 estimates. Micronutrient deficiencies are generally referred to as “hidden hunger” because these deficiencies developed gradually. The present study determines the socio-economic inequalities in vitamin A supplementation (VAS) and Iron supplementation (IS) among children aged 6–59 months in India and to estimate the change in the percent contribution of different socio-economic correlates for such inequality from 2005 to 06 to 2015–16. Methods Data from National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2005–06 and 2015–16 was used for the analysis. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression analysis was used to carve out the results. Moreover, Wagstaff decomposition analysis was used to find the factors which contributed to explain socio-economic status-related inequality among children in India. Results It was revealed that the percentage of children who do not receive vitamin A supplementation was reduced from 85.5% to 42.1%, whereas in the case of IS, the percentage reduced from 95.3% to 73.9% from 2005-06 to 2015–16 respectively. The child’s age, mother’s educational status, birth order, breastfeeding status, place of residence and empowered action group (EAG) status of states were the factors that were significantly associated with vitamin A supplementation and iron supplementation among children in India. Moreover, it was found the children who do not receive vitamin A supplementation and iron supplementation got more concentrated among lower socio-economic strata. A major contribution for explaining the gap for socio-economic status (SES) related inequality was explained by mother’s educational status, household wealth status, and empowered action group status of states for both vitamin A supplementation and iron supplementation among children aged 6–59 months in India. Conclusion Schemes like the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) would play a significant role in reducing the socio-economic status-related gap for micro-nutrient supplementation among children in India. Proper implementation of ICDS will be enough for reducing the gap between rich and poor children regarding micro-nutrient supplementation.

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Section: Iron Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does socio-economic inequality exist in micro-nutrients supplementation among children aged 6–59 months in India? Evidence from National Family Health Survey 2005–06 and 2015–16

Srivastava

Kumar

2021

BMC Public Health

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“…Given the burden inflicted on the health system by anemia, it is crucial to modify the health-care policies in a way that enables some appropriate intervention measures against anemia. To our knowledge, of a sparse number of studies attempting to estimate the prevalence of anemia in Iran, most are restricted to children, adolescents, and women of childbearing age, whether pregnant or not, and such studies lack consistency and community representation [7,[14][15][16]. As stated in these studies, anemia has heterogeneous patterns geographically and across different populations in terms of epidemiological indicators, [7] so it is important to precisely identify their prevalence and region-specific contributors both at the national and regional levels to be able to implement a more relevant and efficient plan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemia prevalence, severity, types, and correlates among adult women and men in a multiethnic Iranian population: the Khuzestan Comprehensive Health Study (KCHS)

et al. 2022

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Background Despite all recent health-related improvements, anemia remains an extensive global public health issue affecting the lives of about one-fourth of the world population in a geographically heterogeneous pattern. We, therefore, aimed to illustrate the prevalence, severity, most common types, and major determinants of anemia among adults in Khuzestan, Iran, from 2016 to 2019. Methods In a large population-based cross-sectional study comprising of a diverse population, each participant underwent a questionnaire-based interview and laboratory testing for hematological analysis. A hemoglobin (HGB) concentration of < 12 g/dL in non-pregnant women and < 13 g/dL in men were defined anemic. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the association between anemia and its potential determinants. Results Data on 29,550 (96.87%) males and non-pregnant females between 20–65 years of age (mean age: 41.90 ± 11.88 years; female sex: 63.58%; Arab ethnicity: 48.65%), whose HGB level was available, were included in the study. The mean ± SD HGB concentration was 13.75 ± 1.65 g/dL. The age- and sex-standardized prevalence rate of anemia was 10.86% (95% CI: 10.51–11.23%). The most prevalent degree was mild anemia (7.71%, 95% CI: 7.40–8.03%) and only 0.17% were severely anemic. Of those considered anemic, the highest proportion was related to normochromic/microcytic (50.65%), followed by hypochromic/microcytic (30.29%). In the multiple logistic regression, the parameters of female gender (OR: 3.17, 95% CI: 2.68–3.76), age group of 35–49 years (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.52–1.82), being underweight (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.29–1.93), being unemployed or retired (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.33–1.81), and living in urban areas (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.09–1.29) were major determinants of anemia. Additionally, we observed a minor but significant positive association between anemia status and CKD, older ages, increased night sleep duration, being a housewife and married, as well as a negative association between anemia and factors including hookah smoking, presence of metabolic syndrome, and overweight and obesity. Conclusions Taken together, the anemia prevalence in this study population was of mild public health significance. The major suspected causes might be iron deficiency and chronic disease anemias. Comparably higher rates of anemia were observed amongst women, individuals aged 35–49 years, underweights, unemployed or retired subjects, and urban residents.

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“… 57 Hemoglobinopathies, chronic renal disease, and gastrointestinal bleeding accounted for a greater share of anemia burden in high-income countries than ID. 57 The findings was lower than a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted in Iran 27.7%, 9 WHO’s reports of ID in Africa 62.3%, and in Southeast Asia 53.8%. 51 This could be due to the reason that the current study covers the whole world and the result may be affected with extremely low prevalence reported from developed countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Under-5 Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gedfie

Getawa

Melku

2022

Global Pediatric Health

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Background. Iron deficiency anemia is a common health problem that affects children under the age of five. Children’s cognitive performance is impaired by iron deficiency, which impacts their psychomotor development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the global prevalence and associated factors of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia among under-5 children. Methods. Relevant publications published till March 30, 2021 were identified in databases such as Medline/PubMed, Science Direct, Popline, EMBASE, African Journals Online, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The STATA version 11 software was utilized for the analysis. To determine the level of heterogeneity, I2 test statistics were used. To detect publication bias, funnel plots analysis and the Egger weighted regression test were used. Results. The global pooled prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and iron deficiency was 16.42% (95% CI: 10.82, 22.01) and 17.95% (95% CI: 13.49, 22.41), respectively. Age less than 2 years (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.38) and living in a large family size (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.58) were associated with iron deficiency anemia. Children born from anemic mother, low birth weight, and do not drink iron fortified milk (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.36), (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.36) and (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.46), respectively were associated factors of iron deficiency in under-5 children. Conclusion. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and iron deficiency was significant across the globe, particularly in Asia and Africa. Therefore, regular screening and treatment of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are required especially in high-risk children to reduce their complication. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021267060

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<p>Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in Iranian children under 6 years of age: a systematic review and meta-analysis</p>

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Does socio-economic inequality exist in micro-nutrients supplementation among children aged 6–59 months in India? Evidence from National Family Health Survey 2005–06 and 2015–16

Does socio-economic inequality exist in micro-nutrients supplementation among children aged 6–59 months in India? Evidence from National Family Health Survey 2005–06 and 2015–16

Anemia prevalence, severity, types, and correlates among adult women and men in a multiethnic Iranian population: the Khuzestan Comprehensive Health Study (KCHS)

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Under-5 Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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