<p>Progress in immunocytochemical staining for cervical cancer screening</p>

Abstract

Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. In recent years, the implementation of cervical cancer screening has resulted in the effective control of cervical cancer incidence. However, many deficiencies still exist in the current screening techniques and strategies. With advancements in cervical cancer screening research, immunochemical staining to determine cervical cytology has shown a broader application prospect in the early screening for cervical cancer, especially for triage in cervical cancer screening.

CINtec PLUS and cobas HPV testing for triaging Canadian women referred to colposcopy with a history of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion: Baseline findings

“…The reported sensitivity and specificity of CINtec PLUS in detecting CIN2+ among those with ASCUS or LSIL cytology varies in different studies and populations [ 4 , 6 , 7 , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] ], and our observations were comparable to the range of published figures, in that CINtec PLUS showed a significantly lower sensitivity and non-significantly higher specificity in comparison to HPV testing in women of all ages. CIN2+ sensitivity was 81.5% for CINtec PLUS vs. 94.4% for HPV test in women of all ages, and these were 70.0% and 93.3%, respectively, in women <30 years ( Table 3 ).…”

“…The CINtec PLUS assay (Roche Diagnostics) is a dual-stain immunocytochemical test which detects p16 and Ki-67 proteins that are over expressed in cervical cells with transforming HPV infection. This assay has emerged as an effective biomarker-based adjunct test in cervical screening strategy, and is well studied [ [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] ]. p16 is a tumour suppressor gene which regulates cell cycle through a cascade of biochemical events; Ki-67 is a nuclear protein and a marker of cellular proliferation.…”

Absence of Nuclear p16 Is a Diagnostic and Independent Prognostic Biomarker in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix

“…Our findings are therefore evidence of the usefulness of p16 as a diagnostic biomarker between HSIL and SCCC, as previously proposed [18,19]. In fact, it has facilitated inter-observer agreement and then has improved the accuracy of traditional diagnostic methods based on histological observation in lower grade lesions [4][5][6]21,30].…”

“…Developments in early diagnosis are therefore much needed [1]. Currently, the standard method for SCCC diagnosis has many limitations because it is mainly based on subjective interpretation of histological changes in cervical tissue [2,[4][5][6]. Intriguingly, as CC development seems to be a continuous process, it is quite difficult to morphologically distinguish an HSIL which has begun to invade and an SCCC which has just penetrated the basement membrane.…”

Papillomaviral Carcinogenesis. Significant Achievements and Specific Challenges. Part 3. Three Levels of Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment

“…В настоящее время этот тест успешно используется для уточнения диагноза и тактики лечения у женщин с подтвержденной инфекцией цервикального эпителия онкогенными ВПЧ и аномальными клетками в цитологическом мазке [15][16][17].…”