<p>Promoting tendon to bone integration using graphene oxide-doped electrospun poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanofibrous membrane</p>

Abstract

Background These normal entheses are not reestablished after repair despite significant advances in surgical techniques. There is a significant need to develop integrative biomaterials, facilitating functional tendon-to-bone integration. Materials and methods We fabricated a highly interconnective graphene oxide-doped electrospun poly(lactide-co-glycolide acid) (GO-PLGA) nanofibrous membrane by electrospinning technique and evaluated them using in vitro cell assays. Then, we established rabbit models, the PLGA and GO-PLGA nanofibrous membranes were used to augment the rotator cuff repairs. The animals were killed postoperatively, which was followed by micro-computed tomography, histological and biomechanical evaluation. Results GO was easily mixed into PLGA filament without changing the three dimensional microstructure. An in vitro evaluation demonstrated that the PLGA membranes incorporated with GO accelerated the proliferation of BMSCs and furthered the Osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In addition, an in vivo assessment further revealed that the local application of GO-PLGA membrane to the gap between the tendon and the bone in a rabbit model promoted the healing enthesis, increased new bone and cartilage generation, and improved collagen arrangement and biomechanical properties in comparison with repair with PLGA only. Conclusion The electrospun GO-PLGA fibrous membrane provides an effective approach for the regeneration of tendon to bone enthesis.

High-precision, gelatin-based, hybrid, bilayer scaffolds using melt electro-writing to repair cartilage injury

“…Based on ordinary fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, by increasing the electric field, the ink passing through the needle base can be further pulled, thereby breaking the aperture limit of the printing needle and achieving higher precision. In the past, electrospinning technology was used but was mostly used to prepare 2D electrospun nanofiber membranes [ [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] ]. When combined with 3D printing technology to obtain a 3D structure and achieve controlled printing, it is difficult for the wire diameter to reach the nanometer level of the nanofiber membrane, and the highest controllable precision can reach 1 μm [ 7 , 50 ].…”

A Synthetic Graft With Multilayered Co-Electrospinning Nanoscaffolds for Bridging Massive Rotator Cuff Tear in a Rat Model

“…Tendon-to-bone healing in rotator cuff repair is always a major problem, as is enthesis formation in all tendon repairs. 38 The healing or integration of artificial graft to bone is even more difficult, especially in reconstructing the transitional structure of the enthesis. 16,21,27 In 2014, Kim et al 21 made a structure with 4 layers to promote tendon-bone healing and found it effective in vitro.…”

“…10,34 As a consequence, grafts have been developed to bridge the MRCT. 38 However, limited healing potential between tendon and graft or between graft and bone is still a problem. 9…”

“…10,34 As a consequence, grafts have been developed to bridge the MRCT. 38 However, limited healing potential between tendon and graft or between graft and bone is still a problem. 9 Electrospinning nanoscaffolds have been broadly used in clinical applications such as tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery, neural probes, and orthopaedic implants.…”

Advances in Biodegradable 3D Printed Scaffolds with Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Bone Regeneration

“…However, to achieve osteoinductivity, it is necessary to add some functionalisation to the GO surface, by using, for example, poly(ethylamine) [ 141 ], poly(lactide-co-glycolide acid) [ 145 ], collagen [ 146 ], phosphates [ 147 ], hydroxyapatite [ 148 ] and silanes [ 149 ].…”