<p>Proximate Determinants of Under-Five Mortality in Ethiopia: Using 2016 Nationwide Survey Data</p>

Abstract

IntroductionAlthough there has been a remarkable decline in under-five mortality through the decades, it is still highest in socio-economically disadvantaged countries, including Ethiopia. The benefits of reducing under-five mortality have been highly emphasized in the ambitious target of Sustainable Development Goals. The risk factors of under-five mortality have not been exhaustively researched in Ethiopia using recent nationwide survey data.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the risk factors of under-five mortality using the recent nationwide survey data.MethodThe data source for this study was the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted and statistical significance was declared at p value < 0.05.ResultsThe data for a total of 10,641 under-five children were analyzed and the under-five mortality rate was 67 per 1000 live births in this study. In the final model, rural residence (AOR=2.0, [1.20, 3.30], P=0.008), mothers who gave birth with preceding birth intervals of shorter than 24 months (AOR=2.12, CI=[1.72, 2.61], P<0.000), multiple births (AOR=4.74, CI=[3.34, 6.69], P<0.000), very small size of child at birth (AOR=1.43, CI= [1.10, 1.85], P=0.007), and being male (AOR=1.30, CI=[1.07, 1.57], P<0.008) showed significant association with under-five mortality compared to their counterparts.ConclusionUnder-five mortality was significantly associated with place of residence, preceding birth interval, plurality, size of child at birth, and sex of the child. Thus, special emphasis should be placed on children with rural residence, preceding birth interval of shorter than 24 months, very small size of the child at birth, and male children.

High prevalence of under-five child mortality in the pastoralist communities of Ethiopia: Evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data

“…Average child size at birth ((0.68), (0.51, 0.90) prevent under-ve daughters mortality than very large daughters at birth. This agreed with a study derived from the 2016 EDHS data (5,30,34).Unplanned birth ((1.70), (1.03, 2.81) increase the likelihood of sons death than planned births. This contradict with a study that reported a preventive association (26).…”

“…The former studies were a nationwide studies but the current study consider the poorest regions in Ethiopia that might contribute for the highest prevalence of under-ve child mortality. The prevalence of under-ve mortality in the pastoralist regions arehigher than the 2016 EDHS based studythat reported 6.7% (5). The difference might be as a result of socio-demographic difference between the pastoralist regions and the wider community, Ethiopia.…”

“…In assessing the association of under-ve mortality with predictors, we consider the gender of children. .69], P<0.000) in multiple births compared to singletons (5,23,(31)(32)(33). This association was also repeated when we assess the daughters dataset that multiple births during the rst parity ((2.61,), (1.29, 5.23), and second parity ((2.30), (1.11, 4.76) predisposed under-ve daughters to mortality than single births.In the daughters data set, female children born from Muslim ((2.70), (1.64, 4.44) family were more likely to die than Ethiopian orthodox religion follower.Similarly, the sons' data set indicated that male children born from Muslim ((2.04), (1.28, 3.23), Catholic ((17.75), (5.85, 53.86), and other religion followers ((6.01), (2.12, 16.73) were more likely to die than Ethiopian orthodox religion follower.…”

“…However, the world has made substantial progress in reducing child mortality over the last four decades (2)(3)(4). Despite such global progress in reducing child mortality over the past decades, an estimated 5.4 million children under the age of ve years were died in 2017, and half of those deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (5). Under-ve mortality is a leading indicator of child health and overall development of a nation, since it re ects the social, economic, and environmental conditions in which children live (6).…”

The Effect of Antenatal Care Service Utilization on Postnatal Care Service Utilization: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Study

“…We screened titles and abstracts for relevance; duplicates were removed, and then we analysed the full-text potentially relevant articles assessed for inclusion and exclusion criteria. For African content division geographically, according to the united nation statistics division schemes, for the geographic region of East Africa, the countries are named Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Sudan, and Sudan [ 11 ].…”