&lt;p&gt;Saturated Fatty Acids in Obesity-Associated Inflammation&lt;/p&gt;

Zhou, Heping; Urso, C J; Jadeja, Viren

doi:10.2147/jir.s229691

Cited by 122 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 147 publications

(192 reference statements)

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“…Substantial evidence has accumulated in recent years indicating that the ingestion of SFA increases innate immune activity resulting in both a postprandial and, with regular intake, chronic rise in pro-inflammatory mediators; see Zhou et al for a recent review. 22 Despite this, the association between the ingestion of SFA and the [Kyn]:[Trp] ratio, a marker of INF-γ mediated inflammatory processes, had not been previously reported. We therefore investigated, in an essentially healthy cohort, whether the intake of fatty acids and their percentage within the membrane influence the ratio of Kyn to Trp in plasma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Saturated Fatty Acid Intake Is Associated With Increased Inflammation, Conversion of Kynurenine to Tryptophan, and Delta-9 Desaturase Activity in Healthy Humans

Berg

Seyedsadjadi

Grant

2020

Int J�Tryptophan�Res

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Saturated fat ingestion has previously been linked to increases in inflammation. However the relationship between saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake and the kynureine:tryptophan ratio ([Kyn]:[Trp]), a marker of inflammation, has not been previously investigated. This study evaluated in healthy, middle aged, individuals (men = 48, women = 52), potential relationships between SFA intake, red blood cell (RBC) membrane SFAs and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), the [Kyn]:[Trp] ratio, C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α and Δ9 desaturase activity. [Kyn]:[Trp] was positively associated with increases in Total fat ( P = .034) intake, including Total SFA ( P = .029) and Total MUFA ( P = .042) intakes. Unexpectedly the [Kyn]:[Trp] ratio was inversely associated with the percentage of Total SFA ( P = .004) and positively associated with percentage of Total MUFA ( P = .012) present in the RBC membrane. We found a positive association between Δ9 desaturase activity, responsible for the desaturation of a various SFAs to MUFAs, and [Kyn]:[Trp] ( P = .008). [Kyn]:[Trp] was also positively associated with CRP ( P = .044), however no significant relationship between [Kyn]:[Trp] and TNF-α was found. This study shows for the first time that SFA consumption increases inflammatory pathways linked to increased tryptophan to kynurenine conversion, even in healthy humans. Our data also suggests that SFA linked increases in inflammation occur concomitantly with an upregulation of Δ9 desaturase activity resulting in increased desaturation of SFA substrates to their MUFA derivatives.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Saturated Fatty Acid Intake Is Associated With Increased Inflammation, Conversion of Kynurenine to Tryptophan, and Delta-9 Desaturase Activity in Healthy Humans

Berg

Seyedsadjadi

Grant

2020

Int J�Tryptophan�Res

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“…Similarly, cancer lipid profiles showed different findings in the degree of fatty acyl saturation in cancer patients [ 55 , 56 , 57 ]. We report decreased levels of circulatory saturated free fatty acids in the transition from healthy control to CLD and HCC patients that might be due to their role in activation of inflammatory cytokines [ 58 ]. Activation of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) enzyme by the HCV replication machinery and in cancer cells may lead to an increased production of monounsaturated fatty acids concomitant to decreased levels of saturated fatty acids in viral-related CLD and HCC patients [ 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remodeling Lipids in the Transition from Chronic Liver Disease to Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Ismail

Elfert

Helal

et al. 2020

Cancers

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a worldwide health problem. HCC patients show a 50% mortality within two years of diagnosis. To better understand the molecular pathogenesis at the level of lipid metabolism, untargeted UPLC MS—QTOF lipidomics data were acquired from resected human HCC tissues and their paired nontumor hepatic tissues (n = 46). Blood samples of the same HCC subjects (n = 23) were compared to chronic liver disease (CLD) (n = 15) and healthy control (n = 15) blood samples. The participants were recruited from the National Liver Institute in Egypt. The lipidomics data yielded 604 identified lipids that were divided into six super classes. Five-hundred and twenty-four blood lipids were found as significantly differentiated (p < 0.05 and qFDR p < 0.1) between the three study groups. In the blood of CLD patients compared to healthy control subjects, almost all lipid classes were significantly upregulated. In CLD patients, triacylglycerides were found as the most significantly upregulated lipid class at qFDR p = 1.3 × 10−56, followed by phosphatidylcholines at qFDR p = 3.3 × 10−51 and plasmalogens at qFDR p = 1.8 × 10-46. In contrast, almost all blood lipids were significantly downregulated in HCC patients compared to CLD patients, and in HCC tissues compared to nontumor hepatic tissues. Ceramides were found as the most significant lipid class (qFDR p = 1 × 10−14) followed by phosphatidylglycerols (qFDR p = 3 × 10−9), phosphatidylcholines and plasmalogens. Despite these major differences, there were also common trends in the transitions between healthy controls, CLD and HCC patients. In blood, several mostly saturated triacylglycerides showed a continued increase in the trajectory towards HCC, accompanied by reduced levels of saturated free fatty acids and saturated lysophospatidylcholines. In contrast, the largest overlaps of lipid alterations that were found in both HCC tissue and blood comparisons were decreased levels of phosphatidylglycerols and sphingolipids. This study highlights the specific impact of HCC tumors on the circulating lipids. Such data may be used to target lipid metabolism for prevention, early detection and treatment of HCC in the background of viral-related CLD etiology.

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“…Whether PA acts as a direct TLR4 ligand has been extensively challenged in recent years [119]. The first piece of evidence showing PA is not a direct agonist of this receptor was brought in by Lancaster et al, who demonstrated that PA treatment does not induce the conformational changes, dimerization nor endocytosis that characterize TLR4 active state.…”

Section: Sfamentioning

confidence: 99%

Rewiring of Lipid Metabolism in Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Obesity: Impact on Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes

Dahik

Frisdal

Goff

2020

IJMS

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Obesity and its two major comorbidities, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, represent worldwide health issues whose incidence is predicted to steadily rise in the coming years. Obesity is characterized by an accumulation of fat in metabolic tissues resulting in chronic inflammation. It is now largely accepted that adipose tissue inflammation underlies the etiology of these disorders. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) represent the most enriched immune fraction in hypertrophic, chronically inflamed adipose tissue, and these cells play a key role in diet-induced type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. ATMs are triggered by the continuous influx of dietary lipids, among other stimuli; however, how these lipids metabolically activate ATM depends on their nature, composition and localization. This review will discuss the fate and molecular programs elicited within obese ATMs by both exogenous and endogenous lipids, as they mediate the inflammatory response and promote or hamper the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

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<p>Saturated Fatty Acids in Obesity-Associated Inflammation</p>

Cited by 122 publications

References 147 publications

Saturated Fatty Acid Intake Is Associated With Increased Inflammation, Conversion of Kynurenine to Tryptophan, and Delta-9 Desaturase Activity in Healthy Humans

Saturated Fatty Acid Intake Is Associated With Increased Inflammation, Conversion of Kynurenine to Tryptophan, and Delta-9 Desaturase Activity in Healthy Humans

Remodeling Lipids in the Transition from Chronic Liver Disease to Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Rewiring of Lipid Metabolism in Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Obesity: Impact on Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes

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