<p>Synergistic Effects of Physicochemical Parameters on Bio-Fabrication of Mint Silver Nanoparticles: Structural Evaluation and Action Against HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells</p>

Abstract

Background: Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, the concentration of the AgNO 3 and ratio of reactants act synergistically to influence the reaction kinetics, molecular mechanics, enzymatic catalysis and protein conformations that aid to affect the size, shape and biochemical corona of nanoparticles. The present study was performed to investigate the influence of reaction parameters on the bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using Mentha arvensis and to determine their potential to control the proliferation of colon cancer cells'. Methods: Plant-mediated method was used for the bio-fabrication and stabilization of AgNPs. Reaction parameters were arranged, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) bands of AgNPs were collected by using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. NPs were characterized structurally and optically by using SEM, AFM, EDX and DLS techniques. AgNPs and plant aqueous extract were tested against HCT116 colon cancer cells by using SRB assay, Annexin V assay and cell cycle analysis. Results: Spectrophotometric comparison of various reaction conditions manifested that 5 mM of AgNO 3 , 60°C in an acidic pH and a mixing ratio of 1:9 of plant extract and AgNO 3 , respectively, are the optimized conditions for AgNP synthesis. Structural evaluation by SEM, AFM and particle size analysis confirmed that the NPs are <100 nm and are anisotropic, spherical, triangular and moderately dispersed in the colloidal mixture. SRB assay expressed biomass-stabilized AgNPs as effective cytotoxic particles against HCT116 colon cancer cells, and the IC 50 was measured at 1.7 µg/mL. Annexin V apoptosis assay further confirmed that the AgNPs induce apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Experimental evidence manifested that the AgNPs arrest cell cycle and expressed entrapment of a greater number of cells in the Sub-G1 phase, further verifying the anticancer abilities of AgNPs. Conclusion: These findings explain the synergistic effects of physicochemical parameters to optimize the phytosynthesis of biocompatible AgNPs to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapeutic treatments of colon cancer cells.

Foliar applications of bio-fabricated selenium nanoparticles to improve the growth of wheat plants under drought stress

“…The morphological and optical characterization of SeNPs was performed by using various material characterization techniques, e.g., ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The UV-Vis spectrophotometry (Systronics HALO DB-20, Dynamica Scientific Ltd.) was used to confirm the synthesis of SeNPs by measuring the wavelength of the reaction sample in the range of 200-800 nm of the light wavelength [22]. FTIR investigation was performed in the range of 400-4,000 cm −1 by employing an FTIR spectrometer with a resolution of 0.15 cm −1 to identify the functional groups that are responsible to stabilize SeNPs [23].…”

Synergistic response of physicochemical reaction parameters on biogenesis of silver nanoparticles and their action against colon cancer and leishmanial cells

“…The reactions were arranged to study their synergistic response. The spectrophotometric results were compared to evaluate the synergistic effects of physicochemical reaction parameters and for the determination of suitable conditions for the synthesis of SNPs [1].…”

“…In the end, the absorbance was obtained at 490 nm. The IC 50 was calculated using GraphPad Prism V R software [1].…”

“…After the incubation period, 400 ml of ice-cold annexin binding buffer was added and mixed gently. The samples were incubated on ice and data was collected on a flow cytometer [1].…”

“…Different physicochemical factors play an important role to control the reaction kinetics, molecular dynamics, protein conformations, and catalysis and have a marked influence on the shape, size and biochemical corona of nanostructures. The physicochemical parameters provide a full range of toolboxes including the temperature, pH, the concentration of the metal salt, concentration of the reducing agent, agitation or without stirring and the reaction incubation period that acts synergistically to bio-fabricate nanoparticles [1]. The temperature plays a promising role to control the reaction kinetics and molecular dynamics by increasing or decreasing the activation energy that affects agitation of the reactants at an atomic level and contributes towards their collision, while the pH is a factor towards the concentration of the H þ ions.…”