<p>The Association Between Prediabetes and Dyslipidemia Among Attendants of Primary Care Health Centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia</p>

Abstract

Introduction: Early detection and treatment of dysglycemia including diabetes and prediabetes is demonstrated to improve disease outcomes and prevent complications. Objective: To assess the association of prediabetes with lipid metabolism disorders to clarify whether systematic screening for prediabetes should be proposed for individuals with dyslipidemia. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study design, employing a stratified two-stage cluster sampling method recruited non-diabetic adults (age ≥18 years) from attendees of Primary Health Care (PHC) centers in Jeddah. Anthropomorphic measurements, demographic and clinical information were taken, and blood pressure was measured. Fasting blood sample was obtained for the measurement of plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and lipid profile. Plasma glucose was estimated 1 hr after the ingestion of 50 g glucose (1h-OGTT). Prediabetes and dyslipidemia were defined according to international guidelines. Demographic and clinical factors of subjects with prediabetes, and those with normoglycemia were compared. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for confounding factors. Results: A total of 613 individuals were included with a mean age (±SD) of 32±11.8years, and 54.8% being female. Prediabetes was detected in 28.7%, and dyslipidemia in 54.2% of participants. After adjusting for age, an association was found for high low-density lipoproteincholesterol (LDL-C) and prediabetes based on any definition. After adjustment for body mass index (BMI), the association was retained for any type of dyslipidemia and in particular high LDL-C. After adjusting for both age and BMI, a significant association was found only between high LDL-C and prediabetes based on any definition (OR, 95% CI=1.50,1.02-2.19, P= 0.037). Conclusion: Even though high LDL-C is associated with an increased probability of prediabetes, a recommendation for universal screening of dyslipidemic patients requires further cohort studies.

The Association between Dyslipidemia, Dietary Habits and Other Lifestyle Indicators among Non-Diabetic Attendees of Primary Health Care Centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

“…The prevalence of high TG in the current study was lower than previously reported [ 11 ] being 11.4% for young adults aged 30 years or under compared to with 32% in the older adults aged more than 30 years. This difference in prevalence is due to the variation in the cut-off point to determine hypertriglyceridemia as it was ≥ 1.7 mmol/L in our study as well as in that of Al-Amri et al [ 32 ] whereas ≥ 1.27 mmol/L was adopted in the previous study [ 11 ]. The cut-off point in this previous study allowed a wider range of the population to be diagnosed with hypertriglyceridemia, and therefore a higher prevalence was reported.…”

“…Cinnamon drink is commonly ingested by Saudi individuals who are diagnosed with dysglycemia due to the common belief that cinnamon lowers blood sugar. Since dysglycemia occurs more in individuals with dyslipidemia particularly high LDL-C [ 32 ], changes in dietary habits such as increasing consumption of cinnamon drink or fresh vegetables in individuals diagnosed with dysglycemia or dyslipidemia can result in biased observations regarding the effect of these food types on serum lipids. In order to obtain a clear picture, future studies should include information on the duration of the recorded dietary habits, and whether dietary practices have been changed due to medical advice.…”

Modern Aspects of the Clinic, Diagnosis and Treatment of Prediabetes

“…В ходе когортных исследований получена информация о распространенности предиабета среди населения (табл. 1 [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]), однако, оценки варьируются в зависимости от порогов, используемых в диагностики предиабета, и основных характеристик населения [4,5]. Недавние исследования, проведенные в США и Великобритании, указывают на то, что распространенность предиабета у взрослых составляет 38% и 35% соответственно [5].…”

“…Breyer M.K., Ofenheimer A., Altziebler J. et al, 2020 [13] Обсервационное популяционное когортное исследование 11014 пациентов, Швеция Observational population cohort study of 11014 patients, Sweden Распространенность предиабета составляла 20,2% (мужчины -23,6%; женщины -17,1%) The prevalence of prediabetes was 20,2% (men -23,6%; women -17,1%) Al Amri T., Bahijri S., Al-Raddadi R. et al, 2019 [14] Перекрестное исследование, стратифицированный двухэтапный метод кластерной выборки, взрослые без диабета ≥18 лет из посетителей центров первичной медико-санитарной помощи в Джидде Cross-sectional study, stratified two-stage cluster sampling method, adults without diabetes ≥18 years of age from visitors to primary health care centers in Jeddah Включено 613 человек, 32±11,8 года, из которых 54,8% составляли женщины. Предиабет выявлен у 28,7% It included 613 people, 32±11,8 years, of which 54,8% were women.…”

“…После корректировки ИМТ связь сохранялась для любого типа дислипидемии и, в частности, высокого уровня ЛПНП. После поправки на возраст и ИМТ, значительная связь была обнаружена только между высоким уровнем ЛПНП и предиабетом (ОШ 1,50, 9 5% ДИ 1,02-2,19, р=0,037) [14]. Известно, что нарушения липидного обмена ведут к развитию атеросклероза.…”