<p>The Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components with Electrocardiogram Parameters and Abnormalities Among an Iranian Rural Population: The Fasa PERSIAN Cohort Study</p>

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a set of cardiac risk factors and its growing prevalence is one of the major concerns in different societies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between Mets and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters and abnormalities as indicators for subclinical cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Methods: In this sub-analysis study, we used the data from Fasa PERSIAN Cohort Study which includes subjects age 35-70 years. Subjects with available ECG data included in the study (n=7002) and subjects with missing data on MetS components and non-sinus rhythm ECG were excluded (n=44). The MetS definition based on the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III guidelines and also a 12-lead ECG was obtained from all participants. Results: Our study population (n=6958) showed a mean age of 48.60±9.34 years and also 1656 (24.2%) subjects had MetS. Except for P duration, PR interval and S amplitude in men and P amplitude, S amplitude, Sokolow-Lyon Index, and QT interval in women, other ECG parameters differ significantly between subjects with and without Mets (P<0.05). Also among ECG abnormalities, prolonged P duration (≥120ms), QRS duration (≥100ms), and QTc interval (>450ms in male, >470ms in female) had a significant association with MetS in the total population. Waist circumferences (WC) showed the most count of significant relationship with ECG parameters in both genders. In males, WC more than ATP cut-points had significant associations with prolonged P and QRS duration, and also blood pressure (BP) had significant associations with prolonged P and QRS durations and QTc interval. In females, the MetS component except triglyceride had at least a significant relationship with prolonged P and/or QRS duration. Conclusion: MetS and its component especially WC and BP were associated with ECG parameters and abnormalities. These associations with ECG as a marker of subclinical CVD showed the importance of MetS and each component in our population to monitor in the further longitudinal studies.

The relationship between demographic features, anthropometric parameters, sleep duration, and physical activity with ECG parameters in Fasa Persian cohort study

“…Waist circumference, one of the widely used criteria for metabolic syndrome, is one of the most common determinants of ECG changes and hypertension. Abdominal obesity raises the diaphragm, resulting in increased sympathetic activity and cardiac output, thereby affecting the ECG parameters [ 25 , 26 ]. An Asian cohort showed that the participants with higher BMIs had a longer PR interval, wider QRS, a more negative QRS axis, and a larger RaVL [ 12 ].…”

Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and impaired cardiac sympathetic/parasympathetic balance in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes—The Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS)-NAFLD sub-study

“…To date, a clear understanding of the precise mechanisms linking NAFLD to impaired CANS function remains elusive. The most obvious explanation for our findings is that NAFLD is associated with CANS dysfunction simply as a consequence of the shared cardiometabolic risk factors (for example, obesity, insulin resistance, T2DM, or low-grade chronic inflammation, which are also known risk factors for impaired CANS function [40][41][42]). However, it should be noted that in our study NAFLD was associated with cardiac sympathetic/parasympathetic imbalance, independent of T2DM status, and other shared cardiometabolic risk factors (such as BMI, hypertension, dyslipidemia, HOMA-IR score, and plasma CRP levels).…”

The relationship between demographic features, anthropometric parameters, sleep hours, and physical activity and ECG parameters in Fasa Persian cohort study

“…Waist circumference has been one of the widely used criteria for metabolic syndrome, which is one of the most common determinants of ECG changes along with hypertension among these people. Abdominal obesity raises the diaphragm, resulting in increased sympathetic activity and cardiac output, thereby affecting the ECG parameters (25).…”