<p>The Role of Silver Nanoparticles in a Treatment Approach for Multidrug-Resistant <em>Salmonella</em> Species Isolates</p>

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates recovered from diarrheic sheep and goats Methods: This study used chemical reduction synthesis of AgNPs to evaluate their antimicrobial effects by estimation of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for each isolate using the microplate dilution method and tetrazolium salt reduction test to detect the viability percentage. In vivo treatment efficacy was assessed in mice by determining the viable count of Salmonella Enteritidis recovered from feces and by hematologic, biochemical and histopathologic examinations to confirm that use of AgNPs has no toxic or pathologic effects and to evaluate its ability in tissue regeneration following treatment. Results: All recovered strains were identified as MDR with a prevalence of 4% and 3.6% in sheep and goats, respectively. The results of TEM, DLS, Zeta potential, and FTIR revealed typical characteristics of the synthesized AgNPs. Silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against all recovered strains with MIC of ≤0.02-0.313 μg/mL (mean average 0.085 ±0.126 μg/mL) and MBC of 0.078-1.250 μg/mL (average 0.508±0.315 μg/mL). In vivo efficacy of AgNPs was observed by a reduction in the number of viable S. Enteritidis recovered from feces in an S. Enteritidis infected mouse model, with complete shedding stopping between treatment days 4 and 6. Hematologic, serum biochemical, and histopathologic analyses proved the ability of AgNPs to suppress inflammatory reaction caused by S. Enteritidis infection. Conclusion: The study proved the effective ability of AgNPs to fight MDR Salmonella spp. in vitro and in vivo without adverse effects.

Synergistic Effect of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Natural Phenolic Compounds against Drug-Resistant Fish Pathogens and Their Cytotoxicity: An In Vitro Study

“…These results agree with Abdelfattah et al [ 24 ], in which the high cytotoxic effect of heliomycin against cancer cell lines via inhibiting histone deacetylase enzyme activity was reported. Low doses of AgNPs at MIC (2 µg/mL) exhibited moderate morphological changes and tolerability and are in agreement with previous studies [ 44 , 45 ]. On the other hand, no significant cytotoxicity was observed with the rutin MIC dose (1024 µg/mL, p > 0.99), indicating the high safety of the rutin treatment.…”

Salmonella Infection in Turtles: A Risk for Staff Involved in Wildlife Management?

“…Salmonella ser. Ferruch was also isolated from faecal swabs of diarrheic sheep in Egypt [ 74 ]. The serovar has not been identified as causing disease in humans, to our knowledge.…”

Evaluation of the Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Against Experimentally Induced Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens

“…17 Nanotechnology is now providing new tools to aid improvements in animal health and productivity and to overcome the problem of multidrug resistance. 18 Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have various applications in poultry production, for example, they are used in disinfectant preparations in hatcheries, 19 and they are exploited for their antibacterial effect on many gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria; [19][20][21][22][23][24] moreover, they exhibit antibacterial activity against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Bacillus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 25,26 Ag NPs have also been used as a growth promoter in drinking water for broiler chickens 27 and have been reported to improve their health and performance.…”