<p>Toxicopathological and immunological studies on different concentrations of chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles in rats</p>

Abstract

Background Much consideration has been paid to the toxicological assessment of nanoparticles prior to clinical and biological applications. While in vitro studies have been expanding continually, in vivo investigations of nanoparticles have not developed a cohesive structure. This study aimed to assess the acute toxicity of different concentrations of chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles (Ch-AgNPs) in main organs, including liver, kidneys, and spleen. Materials and methods Twenty-eight male albino rats were used and divided into 4 groups (n=7). Group 1 was kept as a negative control group. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were treated intraperitoneally with Ch-AgNPs each day for 14 days at doses of 50, 25, and 10 mg/kg body weight (bwt) respectively. Histopathological, morphometric and immunohistochemical studies were performed as well as oxidative stress evaluations, and specific functional examinations for each organ were elucidated. Results It was revealed that Ch-AgNPs induced dose-dependent toxicity, and the repeated dosing of rats with 50 mg/kg Ch-AgNPs induced severe toxicities. Histopathological examination showed congestion, hemorrhage, cellular degeneration, apoptosis and necrosis in hepatic and renal tissue as well as lymphocytic depletion with increasing tangible macrophages in the spleen. The highest levels of malondialdehyde, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (MDA, ALT, AST) and the lowest levels of reduced glutathione, immunoglobulin G, M and total protein (GSH, IgG, IgM, TP) were observed in this group. On the other hand, repeated dosing with 25 mg/kg induced mild to moderate disturbance in the previous parameters, while there was no significant difference in results of pathological examination and biochemical tests between the control group and those treated with 10 mg/kg bwt Ch-AgNPs. Conclusion Chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles induce dose-dependent adverse effects on rats.

Rosmarinic acid attenuates chromium‐induced hepatic and renal oxidative damage and DNA damage in rats

“…Five microscopic areas per three sections in each group were assessed to investigate the severity of the pathological alterations in both liver and kidney according to the method described by Hassanen et al [ 19 ] The criteria used for liver damage were hepatocellular degeneration, necrosis, fibrosis, and altered foci. Moreover, the parameters used to assess renal injury were renal tubular epithelial cells vacuolization, necrosis, hyaline casts, and regenerating tubules.…”

<p>Ameliorative Effect Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Against Dermal Toxicity Induced By Lead Oxide In Rats</p>

“…Skin tissue sections were assessed for epidermal edema (spongiosis and vacuolar degenerations), epidermal hyperplasia, dermal edema, and inflammation using the following scoring system: none (-), mild (+), moderate (++), severe (+++) skin tissue damage 36…”

Investigation of the effects of bisphenol-A exposure on lymphoid system in prenatal stage

“…For the spleen histopathology, the parameters, lymphoid cell atrophy, reticular cell hyperplasia, tangible body macrophages, and splenic hemorrhage were used as follows: normal (À), mild (þ), moderate (þþ), and severe (þþþ) (Hassanen et al, 2019). The spleen was wrapped within a capsule of dense connective tissue and continued in the form of trabeculae inside the organ.…”