<p>Understanding Interactions Between Caregivers and Care Recipients in Person-Centered Dementia Care: A Rapid Review</p>

Abstract

Background Good interactions are essential in caring for people with dementia. There is a lack of knowledge about interaction approaches used by caregivers in person-centered dementia care. This study aimed to understand interactions in person-centered dementia care. Methods A search for relevant publications was undertaken in 2020 on two electronic databases, MEDLINE with full text and CINAHL Plus with full text. This was supplemented by manual searching of the reference lists of relevant articles. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to determine the relevance of the articles. Data extraction included publication year, country, study setting, aim, design, definition of person-centered dementia care, elements of person-centered dementia care and interaction approaches used by caregivers. A Donabedian quality framework was used to group the elements of person-centered dementia care into three categories: structure, process and outcome. Results A total of 25 articles were included in the review, all from developed countries. A conceptual framework was developed for the delivery of person-centered dementia care. It includes the organizational structure, ie, management and resources, a competent workforce and physical environment; the dementia care process, ie, respectful interaction underpinned by good knowledge about the care recipients in a calm, peaceful environment; and care outcome, ie, the social, psychological, and physical well-being of the care recipients. Interaction approaches used by caregivers in providing person-centered dementia care were classified according to the six purposes of interaction: to know and understand the care recipient, to keep the person happy and satisfied, to make the person feel safe and secure, to calm the person, to support self-identity, and to guide the person in conducting daily activities. Conclusion The delivery of person-centered dementia care needs to consider organizational structure, the dementia care process, and care outcome which together foster a positive environment for meaningful interactions between caregivers and care recipients. The identified interaction approaches could be used by dementia care trainers to develop training materials.

Technology‐based support for stroke caregiving: A rapid review of evidence

“…Rapid reviews are considered an emerging approach in health technology assessment to support informed decision‐making in a timely manner (Khangura et al, 2014). This methodology utilizes processes similar to a systematic literature review but limits its scope and various aspects of synthesis (Wu et al, 2020).…”

Perspectives of older people and healthcare providers on implementing person-centred care for community-dwelling older people: a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis

“…Other studies have also drawn similar conclusion. For example, Chenoweth and Wu et al [38,39] also found that collaboration between departments and team members were favorable for fostering a positive environment for meaningfulness interactions between caregivers and older people. A Lack of trusting relationships and time constraints are barriers for successfully implementing PCC in daily practice.…”

Preserved Consciousness in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias: Caregiver Awareness and Communication Strategies

“…In the early 1980’s, Kitwood (1988 , 1993) pioneered a seminal paradigm shift to create a more ethnocentric approach to dementia research and person-centered care (PCC) within this particular patient population ( Wu et al, 2020 ). In contrast to the pervasive misconception in which this population suffers an inexorable loss of self ( Halewood, 2016 ), this approach reframes the individual with dementia “as a person in the fullest possible sense: he or she is still an agent, one who can make things happen in the world, a sentient, relational and historical being” ( Kitwood, 1993 , p. 541).…”

“…Specific training programs utilizing Kitwood’s framework of person-centered dementia care have been expounded upon by numerous researchers in attempts to implement the principles critical for success into practice. A recent review article evaluated several of the components of these models, [e.g., Brooker (2003) VIPS model; Edvardsson et al (2008) six components PCC; Love and Pinkowitz (2013) four component model; and the relationship-centered care models by Nolan et al (2004) and Adams and Gardiner (2005) , and identified three main positive outcomes of PCC within the dyad, (1) social well-being; (2) psychological well-being; and (3) physical well-being ( Wu et al, 2020 )]. While promising, there remains a lack of research on person-centered care implementation into nursing home care ( Boersma et al, 2019 ).…”