<p>Whole-genome sequence analysis of multidrug-resistant uropathogenic strains of <em>Escherichia coli</em> from Mexico</p>

Abstract

Background : Escherichia coli is the main bacterium associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs), including cystitis and pyelonephritis. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) harbors numerous genes that encode diverse virulence factors contributing to its pathogenicity. The treatment of UTIs has become complicated due to the natural selection of E. coli strains that are multiresistant to several groups of antibiotics regularly used in clinical settings such as hospitals. Genomic reports of the global composition and distribution of the antibiotic resistance and virulence genes of these pathogenic strains are lacking in the Mexican population. Purpose and methods : The aim of this study was to globally characterize the genomes of a group of UPEC strains by massive parallel sequencing to determine the prevalence and distribution of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes associated with different serotypes and phylogenetic groups. Results: The strains exhibited 138-197 virulence genes and 29 antibiotic resistance genes related to antibiotics that are commonly used in clinical practice. Conclusions: These findings are relevant to the definition of new strategies for treating urinary tract infections in public hospitals and private practice. To further define the epidemiological distribution and composition of these virulence and antibiotic resistance genes, larger studies are needed.

Development and selection of low-level multi-drug resistance over an extended range of sub-inhibitory ciprofloxacin concentrations in Escherichia coli

“…Resistant isolates (2020) 10:8754 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65602-z www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ often have multiple mutations and it can be difficult to determine true differences in a clinical isolate with an unknown parental strain. Moreover, high-level multi-drug resistant clinical isolates are often tested for mutations in distinct gene clusters specific to various antibiotics 57,58 , which may miss single nucleotide changes outside these regions which are related to broader, non-specific mechanisms of resistance. It is also possible that first-step mutations which allow for additional mutations for increased resistance or fitness are lost during selection at high treatment levels.…”

Whole genome analysis unveils genetic diversity and potential virulence determinants in Vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with disease outbreak among cultured Litopenaeus vannamei (Pacific white shrimp) in India

“…From the analysis, it is evident that as the V. parahaemolyticus genomes accumulated, the number of core genes reduced while the number of pan genes increased. This demonstrates the versatility of V. parahaemolyticus open pan-genome, which is a characteristic feature for bacteria with the capability to acquire new genes via HGT [ 58 , 59 ]. The open pan-genome also illustrates the diversity in the V. parahaemolyticus genome within the species.…”

Genomic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli BH100 Sub-strains

“…This result suggests that the genetic variability promoted by IS21 and IS3 could have an important role in the formation of resistance islands. Interestingly, a recent study has reported UPEC strains in Mexico containing Tn21 with similar MDR cassette, but integrated in resistance islands in the chromosome (Paniagua-Contreras et al, 2019 ). In this context, our work supports the hypothesis that pBH100 and other related R100 plasmids might be involved for MDR spreading through the development of Resistance Islands alternatively to conjugation mechanisms.…”