<strong>Aquatic Empididae (Diptera: Hemerodromiinae and Clinocerinae) of the Sierra Nevada, Spain, with the description of five new species </strong>

Abstract

In total 24 species of aquatic Empididae (Clinocerinae and Hemerodromiinae) are known from the Sierra Nevada Mountains of Spain, including five new species (Hemerodromia planti Ivković & Sinclair sp. nov., Kowarzia nevadensis Sinclair & Ivković sp. nov., Wiedemannia darioi Sinclair & Ivković sp. nov., W. horvati Ivković & Sinclair sp. nov. and W. vedranae Ivković & Sinclair sp. nov.). The new species are described, illustrated and distribution of all species listed. Wiedemannia (Philolutra) angelieri Vaillant and W. (Roederella) ouedorum Vaillant are newly recorded in Sierra Nevada and nine species are endemic to this region. A key to all 24 species of aquatic empidids is presented.

Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography provide insights into the subgeneric classification of Wiedemannia Zetterstedt (Diptera: Empididae: Clinocerinae)

“…Among the microendemics, some are confined to high mountain tops [> 2500 m; e.g. Wiedemannia ( Philolutra ) veletica Vaillant & Chvála, Wiedemannia horvati Ivković & Sinclair, Wiedemannia ivkovicae Kustov & Zherebilo, and Wiedemannia nartshukae Kustov & Zherebilo] (Vaillant & Chvála, ; Ivković et al ., ; Kustov & Zherebilo, ). Some are found at a few sites only [e.g.…”

“…But there are species of Wiedemannia not assigned to any subgenus (e.g. Wiedemannia vedranae Ivković & Sinclair, Wiedemannia kustovi Sinclair & Shamshev) (Ivković et al ., ; Sinclair & Shamshev, ) and some species that are assigned to Philolutra [e.g. Wiedemannia ( Philolutra ) chvalai Joost and Wiedemannia ( Philolutra ) shamshevi Kustov & Zherebilo] (Joost, ; Kustov & Zherebilo, ) that lack these characters.…”

“…( Philolutra ) fallaciosa ] have wide distributions and can be found from the Faeroe Islands across the Palearctic (M. Ivković, personal observation; Yang et al ., ). Wiedemannia ( Philolutra ) fallaciosa expresses a polyvoltine cycle (Vaillant, ) and occurs in diverse types of habitat, from springs to larger rivers, and at various altitudes (Vaillant, ; Ivković et al ., ,b, ). On the other hand, some Wiedemannia have a disjunct distribution restricted to geographic areas of different sizes [e.g.…”

“…W . ( Philolutra ) simplex , Wiedemannia ( Philolutra ) queyrasiana Vaillant and Wiedemannia ( Philolutra ) angelieri Vaillant, African species‐group] (Vaillant, ; Horvat, ; Sinclair, , ,b, ; Ivković et al ., ,b, ,b).…”

“…Wiedemannia (Fig. ) is the richest genus in the subfamily with 121 described species (Yang et al ., ; Sinclair, , ; Raffone, ; Ivković et al ., , , ; Kustov & Zherebilo, , ; Sinclair & Shamshev, ; Wang et al ., ). This genus is distinguished by a distinct notch or carina on the lower margin of the face, a wide gena and acrostichal setae that are often well developed.…”