<strong>Coronavirus (Covid-19) Pandemic: Outbreak, Current Scenario, and Impact on Human Physiology in Pakistan </strong>

Abstract

Coronavirus that is also known as COVID-19 disease is produced by SARSCoV-2. This causative agent is highly contagious and can cause potentially fatal pneumonia worldwide with serious public health concerns. In the beginning among infected individuals, most of them were those who were mainly shown to the wet animal market in a big city of China known as Wuhan. So, it was suggested that this was almost certainly the zoonotic source of COVID-19illness. The transitional source of origin and their mode of transmission to humans were not known obviously. Conversely, from human to human rapidly transformation have been confirmed generally. Currently, there is no availability of FDA approved clinically antiviral drugs and/or vaccines to be used against the COVID-19. Afterward, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 has been manifested as the third sketch of an enormously pathogenic coronavirus into human population globally. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the history of COVID-19 in Pakistan up-to 18th weeks after beginning, current situation, epidemiology, and its impact on the human population. Moreover, we focused on physiological variation during the incubation period, genome analysis of SARS-CoV2, supportive treatment approaches, and safety measures in the Pakistani population, which may be supportive for combating the risk of COVID-19 epidemic. We also reviewed the future approaches for the development of therapeutic interventions and vaccines to cope with the COVID-19 epidemic.

Psychosocial Educational and Economic Impact of COVID-19: Implication for Girl Child Education through Social Studies in Northeast Nigeria

“…COVID-19 signs and symptoms can range from mild to severe. As a major public health emergency [24], China defines COVID-19 as a category B infectious disease [10]. COVID-19 refers to Coronavirus Disease 2019 and it belongs to the families of SARS-CoV2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses 2; SARS-CoV, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; and MERS CoV, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus related to H1N1, Hemagglutinin Type 1 and Neuraminidase Type 1, and H5H1 Hemagglutinin Type 5, and Hemagglutinin Type 1 respectively.…”

“…In 2003, Canada experienced the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the resurgence of the Ebola pandemic in the mid-millennium in Guinea in 1976 in South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo. From 2009 to 2010, pandemics caused the deaths of 151,700-575,400 worldwide [5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Genomic diversity of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Pakistan during the fourth wave of pandemic

“…13 Moreover, P681H/R found in delta has also been associated with increased virus transmission. 14 In Pakistan, the first SARS-CoV-2 case was reported on February 26, 2020, 15 and as of November 2, 2021, it had resulted in 1,274,578 infection cases and 28,477 deaths. Due to persistent virus local transmission, Sindh has the most cases with 470,690 infections, followed by Punjab (n = 440,542), KP (n = 178,204), and Baluchistan (n = 33,274).…”