<strong>OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANTS RESPONSES TO PROGRESSIVE RESISTANCE EXERCISE INTENSITY IN TRAINED AND UNTRAINED MALES</strong>

Abstract

The relationship between oxidative stress and some exercise components of resistance exercise (e.g. intensity, exercise volume) has not been clearly defined. Additionally, the oxidative stress markers may respond differently in various conditions. This study aims to determine the effects of progressive intensity of resistance exercise (RE) on oxidative stress and antioxidants in trained and untrained men, and also to investigate the possible threshold intensity required to evoke oxidative stress. RE trained (N=8) and untrained (N=8) men performed the leg extension RE at progressive intensities standardized for total volume: 1x17 reps at 50% of one-repetition maximum (1RM); 1x14 reps at 60% of 1RM; 1x12 reps at 70% of 1RM; 2x5 reps at 80% of 1RM; and 3x3 reps at 90% of 1RM. Blood samples were drawn before (PRE) and immediately after each intensity, and after 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 24 hours following the RE. Lipid-hydroperoxide (LHP) significantly increased during the test and then decreased during the recovery in both groups (p<0.05); the POST-24 h LHP level was lower than PRE-LHP. Protein carbonyl (PCO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly increased (p<0.05); however, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and glutathione (GSH) were not affected by the RE (p > 0.05). The results indicated that there was no significant training status x intensity interaction for examined variables (p > 0.05). Standardized volume of RE increased oxidative stress responses. Our study suggests that lower intensity (50%) is enough to increase LHP, whereas higher intensity (more than 80%) is required to evoke protein oxidation.

Photobiomodulation Leads to Reduced Oxidative Stress in Rats Submitted to High‐Intensity Resistive Exercise

“…Our resistance exercise protocol was suitable to increase oxidative stress as assessed by lipoperoxidation levels in muscle, corroborating previous data about resistance exercise [ 14 – 17 , 22 ]. A decreased oxidative stress in muscles irradiated with 4J energy demonstrates to be of interest, in which more positive results were noticed for analyses of lipid peroxidation performed immediately after RE bout.…”

“…The implication of these findings is a delayed postexercise muscle recovery, hence, impairing the quality of training sessions [ 19 ]. This is a key issue mainly during intense training stages, in which the free radical burst can overcome the antioxidant chemical and enzymatic protection [ 20 ] to maintain redox homeostasis, inducing oxidative damages as observed by Rietjens et al and Cakir-Atabek et al after a single resistance exercise session in men [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Effects of pre‐ or post‐exercise whey protein supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in older women

“…Moreover, training status can influence OS responses to RT and whey protein together. In young adults, the training status did not influence OS responses to RT alone; however, these results cannot be extrapolated to older people taking protein supplementation.…”

Exercise-Induced Regulation of Redox Status in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Exercise Training and Detraining

“…For example, Cakir-Atabek H et al [197] suggested that RE training has a protective effect against oxidative stress, similar to that induced by CVE training, which is independent of training intensity. Likewise, RE training performed at a very low intensity (30-40% of 1 RM) has been shown to be unable to up-regulate the antioxidant defense system [175], supporting further the notion that high intensity is required for RE-mediated beneficial adaptations to occur. In contrast, findings from the work by Croymans et al [234] revealed that high-intensity RE for 12 weeks, during which both training intensity and volume were progressively increased, did not alter blood lipid profile, total cholesterol levels, HDL, LDL, triglycerides and oxLDL.…”