&lt;title&gt;3D utility mapping using electronically scanned antenna array&lt;/title&gt;

Eide, Egil; Hjelmstad, Jens

doi:10.1117/12.462308

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Prospect. 18, 15-25 (2011) Published online 18 January 2011 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/arp) DOI: 10.1002/arp.396 B1831C antenna from 3d-radar, Eide and Hjelmstad, 2002), or SFCW, is thoroughly compared with a conventional pulsed system (a SIR-20 with a 400 MHz antenna from GSSI) to show the potential and problems of this new technology (Leckebusch, 2009;Linford et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of a stepped‐frequency continuous wave and a pulsed GPR system

Leckebusch

2011

Archaeological Prospection

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A new stepped-frequency continuouswave (SFCW) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system was tested.The GPRuses a special arrangement of different antenna sizes to cover a large frequency bandwidth and to have a very close spacing between the air-coupled antennae, closer to the Nyquist sampling interval in a cross-line direction than is normally possible during conventionalfieldrecording.The data processingis describedbutismore complicated than fora pulsed system and very time-consuming. A new background removal in frequency domain has also been shown to be an alternative. Comparing data from this SFCW and a pulsed system reveals that there is no advantage using frequency domain technology with an air-coupled antenna. The penetration depth is even significantly reduced, and hence the stepped-frequency technologyprovides onlyreasonable datain about 20% ofthe caseswhere good data arerecorded with a time domain system using a ground-coupled antenna, as tested on a wide variety of sites and applications.This can be explained by the bad coupling to the ground and the strong first reflection of the air-coupled antenna

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of a stepped‐frequency continuous wave and a pulsed GPR system

Leckebusch

2011

Archaeological Prospection

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“…One of the key requirements in leading edge systems has been the development of higher bandwidth systems that are able to collect radar data in real time while at speed [2,3,4]. settling hardware with very good subcomponent specifications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact programmable ground-penetrating radar system for roadway and bridge deck characterization

Busuioc¹,

Xia

Venkatachalam

et al. 2011

SPIE Proceedings

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A compact, high-performance, programmable Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) system is described based on an impulse generator transmitter, a full waveform sampling single shot receiver, and high directivity antennas.The digital programmable pulse generator is developed for the transmitter circuit and both the pulse width and pulse shape are tunable to adjust for different modes of operation. It utilizes a step-recovery diode (SRD) and short-circuited microstrip lines to produce sub-nanosecond wide ultra-wideband (UWB) pulses. Sharp step signals are generated by periodic clock signals that are connected to the SRD's input node. Up to four variable width pulses (0.8, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.1 ns) are generated through a number of PIN switches controlling the selection of different microstrip lengths. A schottky diode is used as a rectifier at the output of the SRD in order to pass only the positive part of the Gaussian pulses while another group of short-circuit microstrips are used to generate amplitude-reversed Gaussian pulses. The addition of the two pulses results in a Gaussian monocycle pulse which is more energy efficient for emission.The pulse generator is connected to a number of UWB antennas. Primarily, a UWB Vivaldi antenna (500 MHz to 5 GHz) is used, but a number of other high-performance GPR-oriented antennas are investigated as well. All have linear phase characteristic, constant phase center, constant polarization and flat gain. A number of methods including resistive loading are used to decrease any resonances due to the antenna structure and unwanted reflections from the ground. The antennas exhibit good gain characteristics in the design bandwidth. Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 06/15/2016 Terms of Use: http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ss/TermsOfUse.aspx Proc. of SPIE Vol. 7983 79831G-8 Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 06/15/2016 Terms of Use: http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ss/TermsOfUse.aspx

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“…This not only increases the possibilities for inferring variation in depth in soil properties, but also offers a greater potential for detection and discrimination of localized soil disturbances. The GPR technology has developed towards more effective coverage of 3D space with the introduction of antenna arrays (Novo et al ., ) and multi‐frequency systems (Eide & Hjelmstad, ). The latest sensor designs integrated with differential GPS positioning enable rapid and efficient mobile surveys with horizontal sampling resolutions in the decimetre to centimetre range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining multi‐receiver electromagnetic induction and stepped frequency ground penetrating radar for industrial site investigation

Vijver

Meirvenne

Saey

et al. 2015

European J Soil Science

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The soil at industrial sites is frequently characterized by very heterogeneous properties, which are often related to physical disturbance and contamination. A conventional approach to characterize the soil, with only a limited number of invasive observations, fails to capture the full extent of soil heterogeneity. Proximal soil sensing provides efficient tools to record spatially dense soil information. Nevertheless, because the output of most sensors is affected by more than one soil property, the simultaneous characterization of different soil properties requires the use of multiple sensors. Here, we apply multi-receiver electromagnetic induction (EMI) and stepped frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) to survey a former gasworks site in a seaport area of Belgium. We used the EMI and GPR sensors in a motorized system to obtain densely sampled measurements of apparent electrical conductivity, apparent magnetic susceptibility and contrasts in relative dielectric permittivity. Our study shows that the sensors give detailed information on the variation in these electromagnetic soil properties. Interpretation of the variation in terms of the stratification of the soil was hampered by localized anthropogenic disturbances. However, the sensors provided complementary information that enabled the identification, discrimination and accurate location of several of these localized disturbances, including underground utility services such as electric cables, buried structures such as the remains of foundations and contamination by salts. Because these represent typical targets in industrial site investigation, we conclude that multi-receiver EMI and stepped frequency GPR provide a useful set of tools to expedite the investigation of industrial sites

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<title>3D utility mapping using electronically scanned antenna array</title>

Cited by 34 publications

References 3 publications

Comparison of a stepped‐frequency continuous wave and a pulsed GPR system

Comparison of a stepped‐frequency continuous wave and a pulsed GPR system

Compact programmable ground-penetrating radar system for roadway and bridge deck characterization

Combining multi‐receiver electromagnetic induction and stepped frequency ground penetrating radar for industrial site investigation

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