&lt;title&gt;An assessment of the near-field contamination and off-axis leakage effects on earthlimb background measurements from CIRRIS 1A&lt;/title&gt;

Wheeler, N. B.; Smith, Donald R.; Dean, David A.; Gardiner, Harold A. B.; Gibson, James J.; Griffin, Jack; Price, S. D.; Nadile, R. M.; Bates, Lynne R.; Bingham, Gail E.; Johnson, Kent; Guregian, James J.; Benoit, Robert

doi:10.1117/12.140728

Cited by 3 publications

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“…CO. Dodd et al 24 have analyzed the emission from CO in the 4.7-¹m region between 70 and 150 km and have reported absolute column radiances for 12 C 16 O, 13 C 16 O, and 12 C 18 O. The minor isotope column radiances are up to 30 times more intense than predicted, based solely on the natural isotopic abundances of 13 C and 18 O, with greater relative importance at night.…”

Section: Summary Of the Minor Species Measured By Cirris Trace Gases mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…However, the worst radiometer detector (D1-1) had off-axis leakage that was about a factor of ve higher. NRER values for the radiometer and interferometer in the 11-13 ¹m spectral region were presentedby Wheeleret al 16 and are also given in Table 1. The measured NRERs for the best detectors was approximately 1 £ 10 ¡10 W/cm 2 sr in the 11-13 ¹m region for tangent heights above »150 km.…”

Section: Telescope Off-axis Rejection Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The last measurement before launch indicated a relatively clean mirror with a BRDF value of 6 £ 10 ¡4 sr ¡1 . The CIRRIS primary mirror BRDF history was reviewed by Wheeler et al 16 These authors 16;17 also presented a detailed discussion of the stringent pre ight cleanliness procedures and summarized the onorbit operational constraints employed to avoid further (in-ight) mirror degradation from various known shuttle contamination sources.…”

Section: Telescope Off-axis Rejection Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CIRRIS-1A spectra in the 2050-2200 cm ¡1 (4.55-4.88-¹m) region near the mesopause was successfully modeled by Dodd et al 24 as a superpositionof emissions from O 3 , OH, and CO. The following radiators were identi ed: O 3 (º 1 C º 3 ) at 2111 cm ¡1 , O 3 (º 1 C º 2 C º 3 ¡ º 2 ) at 2084 cm ¡1 , OH (9-8) band at 2236 cm ¡1 , the fundamental bands of 12 C 16 O, and its two most abundant isotopes C 13 O 16 and C 12 O 18 . Several examples of spectra obtainedwith the 4.9-¹m short pass lter are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Interferometer Spectral Survey Summary Open Filter Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Atmospheric Radiance Code (ARC) line-byline non-LTE code was used to calculate the CO vibrational temperatures and the resulting band limb radiance, based on a spectral tting technique. Synthetic basis functions were calculated for various rotational temperatures, with positions from the HI-TRAN92 database 38 tted to the 12 C 16 O. The radiance pro les for day/night conditions are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Summary Of the Minor Species Measured By Cirris Trace Gases mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview and Summary of Results and Significant Findings from the CIRRIS-1A Experiment

Wise

Smith

Wheeler

et al. 2001

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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The cryogenic infrared radiance instrumentation for shuttle (CIRRIS) experiment was own onboard STS-39 from 29 April to 1 May 1991. A comprehensive set of spectral and spatial infrared data of atmospheric and Earth terrain data was collected by an interferometer and radiometer. The mission occurred during a major geomagnetic storm (K p ->5), and as a result, a substantial amount of spectral data on bright auroral backgrounds were collected in the midnight sector of the auroral oval. The coincidental timing of the CIRRIS mission, only a few weeks before the eruption of Mount Pinatubo (June 1991), substantially increased the value of the stratospheric data from CIRRIS, which now serves as a clean atmosphere baseline against which various post-Pinatubo observations can be compared to assess the short-and long-term effects of a major volcanic eruption on the stratosphere. In addition, there were a number of unexpected and important scienti c discoveries that resulted from analysis of the CIRRIS high-resolution Earthlimb emission spectra including the identi cation of an important new class of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium emissions resulting from highly rotationally excited diatomic species (OH, NO and NO + ) in the mesosphere and thermosphere. These nonthermal rotational emissions were observed for both day and nighttime conditionsand were not included in or predicted by existing atmosphericmodels before the CIRRIS ight. A brief overview of the instrumentation and data collection methods is presented. A general review of the CIRRIS data and a summary of the most signi cant ndings previously reported by various groups are also presented. IntroductionScienti c Objectives T HIS paper summarizes the results and major ndings from the cryogenic infrared radiance instrumentation for shuttle (CIRRIS-1A) experiment that was own onboard STS-39 between 29 April and 1 May 1991. This study consisted of a global infrared remote sensing survey that sampled the atmosphere from the nadir up through the Earthlimb to shuttle altitudes of 260 km in the 2.5-25 ¹m wavelength region. The primary objective of this experiment was to obtain simultaneous spectral and spatial measurements of atmospheric emissions for altitudes between 0 and 150 km. Atmospheric species of interest included water, hydroxyl, nitric oxide, ozone, and carbon dioxide during day and night under various levels of geomagnetic activity. Observations covered a range of latitudes from approximately ¡68 to C68 deg during moderate to active geomagnetic activity (K p D 3-7) and also when bright aurora were observed. Data were collected from numerous strong atmospheric emitters, such as OH at 2.7 ¹m and CO 2 at 4.3 and 15 ¹m, NO at 5.3 ¹m, O 3 at 9.6 ¹m, and H 2 O at 6.3 ¹m and in the long wavelength infrared (LWIR) region. Many other trace species were also measured, such as CFC-11 and CFC-12, HNO 3 , CH 4 , and CO. Data were taken simultaneously by three infrared (IR) instruments: 1) an interferometer with an eight position lter wheel, 2) a lter radiometer with 7 wide...

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Section: Summary Of the Minor Species Measured By Cirris Trace Gases mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Telescope Off-axis Rejection Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Telescope Off-axis Rejection Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interferometer Spectral Survey Summary Open Filter Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary Of the Minor Species Measured By Cirris Trace Gases mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Overview and Summary of Results and Significant Findings from the CIRRIS-1A Experiment

Wise

Smith

Wheeler

et al. 2001

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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Infrared Sky Surveys

Price

2009

Space Sci Rev

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A retrospective is given on infrared sky surveys from Thomas Edison's proposal in the late 1870s to IRAS, the first sensitive mid-to far-infrared all-sky survey, and the mid-1990s experiments that filled in the IRAS deficiencies. The emerging technology for space-based surveys is highlighted, as is the prominent role the US Defense Department, particularly the Air Force, played in developing and applying detector and cryogenic sensor advances to early mid-infrared probe-rocket and satellite-based surveys. This technology was transitioned to the infrared astronomical community in relatively short order and was essential to the success of IRAS, COBE and ISO. Mention is made of several of the little known early observational programs that were superseded by more successful efforts.

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Space shuttle observations of collisionally excited outgassed water vapor

Dean

Huppi

Smith

et al. 1994

Geophysical Research Letters

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The analysis of CIRRIS 1A (Cryogenic InfraRed Radiance Instrumentation for Shuttle) interferometric and radiometric data obtained during the flight of STS‐39 (28 Apr–6 May 1991) reveals the presence of IR emission in the 400–900 cm−1 (11–25 μm) region not attributable to atmospheric emission. In this paper, data are shown which identify the signal as near‐field water vapor present during all CIRRIS 1A observations. Variability of the near‐field water vapor emissions is characterized, and further investigation indicates that the water is excited to high effective temperatures, possibly in excess of 2000 K. The data presented support the conclusion that water outgassed from the shuttle tiles is highly excited by collisions with atmospheric O, classifying it as a type of shuttle‐induced glow whose spectrum has never previously been measured in the LWIR. Measured results are compared to current models which predict radiance for collisionally excited outgassed molecules.

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<title>An assessment of the near-field contamination and off-axis leakage effects on earthlimb background measurements from CIRRIS 1A</title>

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Overview and Summary of Results and Significant Findings from the CIRRIS-1A Experiment

Overview and Summary of Results and Significant Findings from the CIRRIS-1A Experiment

Infrared Sky Surveys

Space shuttle observations of collisionally excited outgassed water vapor

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