<title>Boost phase tracking with an unscented filter</title>

Abstract

Boost phase missile tracking is formulated as a nonlinear parameter estimation problem, initialized with an unscented transformation, and updated with a scaled unscented Kalman filter.

<title>Modeling ballistic target motion during boost for tracking</title>

“…(22)-(23) seems to be preferable to (24) since the latter requires exact knowledge of the constant c while the former allows to indirectly "estimate" it (at the expense of an extra state variable β). Further elaboration and application of the GT model can be found in [17], [18] and [19]. It should be noted, however, that none of these models takes into account possible lateral forces, e.g., the possible presence of lift.…”

“…Let, as before, β (t) = δ/m(t). Then, under the above assumptions by differentiation of (36) and β (t) , we obtain (similarly to (19)) the system of differential equations (DE) for α v , α t , α c and β as follows:…”

“…Thus, in view of (18) and (19), a GT target motion can be described by the 8-state vector x = [p , v , α, β] = [x, y, z,ẋ,ẏ,ż, α, β] in the ECI-CS, and under the assumption of spherical Earth (inverse-square gravity model) the state model in ECI-CS is [5] …”

Survey of Maneuvering Target Tracking. Part II: Motion Models of Ballistic and Space Targets

“…Similar to the 7-state GT model of (38) with (®,¯) replaced by (40), it presumes that the value of the exhaust velocity U is available [47,100]. Otherwise, a trivial solution is to include U as an extra state variable with the model _ U = 0.…”

<title>A survey of maneuvering target tracking: approximation techniques for nonlinear filtering</title>

“…Additional references concerning target tracking applications of UF include [73], [22], [62], [41], [58], [15], [61].…”