&lt;title&gt;CdZnTe detector array for a scanning-beam digital x-ray system&lt;/title&gt;

Heanue, Joseph A.; Pearson, David; Melen, R.

doi:10.1117/12.349551

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The SBDX detector is a 48ϫ48 element CdZnTe directconversion photon-counting array. 4 The detector elements are 3 mm thick, arranged on a 1.125-mm pitch. The demands of high-speed photon counting are reduced by dividing each detector element into 60 sub-elements, each of which registers a binary response to photon absorption events.…”

Section: A Scanning-beam Digital X-raymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of vessel contrast measured with a scanning-beam digital x-ray system and an image intensifier/television system

Speidel

Wilfley²,

Heanue³

et al. 2001

Med. Phys.

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Vessel contrast was measured in the fluoroscopic images produced by a scanning-beam digital x-ray (SBDX) system and an image intensifier/television (II/TV) based system. The SBDX system electronically scans a series of pencil x-ray beams across the patient, each of which is directed at a distant small-area detector array. The reduction in detected scatter achieved with this geometry was expected to provide an increase in image contrast. Vessel contrast was evaluated from images of a phantom containing iodinated tubes. The vessels were inserted into an acrylic stack to provide a patient-mimicking scattering medium. Vessel diameter ranged from 0.3 to 3.1 mm. Images were acquired at 100 kVp with the SBDX and II/TV systems and averaged to reduce x-ray noise. The II/TV system was operated in the 6-in. image intensifier mode with an anti-scatter grid. The increase in contrast in the SBDX images, expressed as a ratio of the measured SBDX and II/TV contrasts, ranged from 1.63 to 1.79 for individual vessels. This agreed well with a prediction of the contrast improvement ratio for this experiment, based on measurements of the scatter fraction, object-plane line spread functions, and consideration of the source spectrum and detector absorption properties. The predicted contrast improvement ratio for SBDX relative to II/TV images was 1.62 to 1.77.

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Section: A Scanning-beam Digital X-raymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of vessel contrast measured with a scanning-beam digital x-ray system and an image intensifier/television system

Speidel

Wilfley²,

Heanue³

et al. 2001

Med. Phys.

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“…As the signal has already been digitized, we refer to this technique as count summing rather than charge summing. Digital count summing (DCS) can also be considered a spectroscopic variation of anticoincidence logic, but we have named it DCS to create a more explicit comparison against ACS. DCS also requires changes in the electronics, but the infrastructure would be present only in the digital domain and would therefore be immune to many of the complexities surrounding analog circuitry of low signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital count summing vs analog charge summing for photon counting detectors: A performance simulation study

Hsieh

Sjölin

2018

Medical Physics

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“…The SBDX prototype uses a 2-mm thick CdTe direct conversion array and photon counting methodology. 14 Raster beam scanning and continuous imaging of the cardiac field-of-view is performed at up to 30 frames per second.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of entrance exposure and signal-to-noise ratio between an SBDX prototype and a wide-beam cardiac angiographic system

Speidel

Wilfley²,

Star‐Lack³

et al. 2006

Med. Phys.

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The scanning-beam digital x-ray (SBDX) system uses an inverse geometry, narrow x-ray beam, and a 2-mm thick CdTe detector to improve the dose efficiency of the coronary angiographic procedure. Entrance exposure and large-area iodine signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were measured with the SBDX prototype and compared to that of a clinical cardiac interventional system with image intensifier (II) and charge coupled device (CCD) camera (Philips H5000, MRC-200 x-ray tube, 72 kWp max). Phantoms were 18.6-35.0 cm acrylic with an iohexol-equivalent disk placed at midthickness (35 mg/cm2 iodine radiographic density). Imaging was performed at 15 frame/s, with the disk at mechanical isocenter and an 11-cm object-plane field width. The II/CCD system was operated in cine mode with automatic exposure control. With the SBDX prototype at maximum x-ray output (120 kVp, 24.3 kWp), the SBDX SNR was 107%-69% of the II/CCD SNR, depending on phantom thickness, and the SBDX entrance exposure rate was 10.7-9.3 R/min (9.4-8.2 cGy/min air kerma). For phantoms where an equal-kVp imaging comparison was possible (> or = 23.3 cm), the SBDX SNR ranged from 47% to 69% of the II/CCD SNR while delivering 6% to 9% of the II/CCD entrance exposure rate. From these measurements it was determined that the relative SBDX entrance exposure at equal SNR would be 31%-16%. Results were consistent with a model for relative entrance exposure at equal SNR, which predicted a 3-7 times reduction in entrance exposure due to SBDX's comparatively low scatter fraction (5.5%-8.1% measured, including off-focus radiation), high detector detective quantum efficiency (66%-73%, measured from 70 to 120 kVp), and large entrance field area (1.7x - 2.3x, for the same object-plane field width). With improvements to the system geometry, detector, and x-ray source, SBDX technology is projected to achieve conventional cine-quality SNR over a full range of patient thicknesses, with 5-10 times lower skin dose.

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<title>CdZnTe detector array for a scanning-beam digital x-ray system</title>

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Comparison of vessel contrast measured with a scanning-beam digital x-ray system and an image intensifier/television system

Comparison of vessel contrast measured with a scanning-beam digital x-ray system and an image intensifier/television system

Digital count summing vs analog charge summing for photon counting detectors: A performance simulation study

Comparison of entrance exposure and signal-to-noise ratio between an SBDX prototype and a wide-beam cardiac angiographic system

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