&lt;title&gt;Charge injection devices for use in astronomy&lt;/title&gt;

Ninkov, Zoran; Tang, Chong; Backer, Brian S.; Easton, Roger L.; Carbone, Joseph

doi:10.1117/12.176688

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The basic operation of a CID pixel is shown in Figure 2 (Ninkov et al 1994a). To accumulate the holes generated by incident photons in a pixel ( Figure 2 stage [a]; accumulation) both the sense and storage nodes are connected to a negative potential.…”

Section: Charge Injection Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These measures were introduced to the CID-38 where read noise was reduced to ∼ 250e − (Ninkov et al 1994b). NDROs provide a √ N improvement in read noise (where N is the number of reads) and the CID-38 managed to achieve a read noise of 20e-with N = 100 (Ninkov et al 1994a). Eid (1995) presented the pre-amplifier per pixel (PPP) architecture, and Kimble et al (1995) suggested replacing the shift registers with random access decoders.…”

Section: Charge Injection Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CID-810 incorporated high readout speed to reduce these clocking overheads (Morrissey et al 1998;Kimble et al 1999) and Miller & Doughty (2004) introduced the PPP based CID-817 with a read noise of 50e − . Despite these advances it has been more than 20 years since a CID was directly used for astronomical observations (Ninkov et al 1994a). The latest generation of commercially available CIDs is the SXDR.…”

Section: Charge Injection Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extreme Contrast Ratio Imaging of Sirius with a Charge Injection Device

Batcheldor

Foadi

Bahr

et al. 2016

PASP

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The next fundamental steps forward in understanding our place in the universe could be a result of advances in extreme contrast ratio (ECR) imaging and point spread function (PSF) suppression. For example, blinded by quasar light we have yet to fully understand the processes of galaxy and star formation and evolution, and there is an ongoing race to obtain a direct image of an exoearth lost in the glare of its host star. To fully explore the features of these systems we must perform observations in which contrast ratios of at least one billion can be regularly achieved with sub 0.′′ 1 inner working angles. Here we present the details of a latest generation 32-bit charge injection device (CID) that could conceivably achieve contrast ratios on the order of one billion. We also demonstrate some of its ECR imaging abilities for astronomical imaging. At a separation of two arc minutes, we report a direct contrast ratio of ∆m v = 18.3, log (CR) = 7.3, or 1 part in 20 million, from observations of the Sirius field. The atmospheric conditions present during the collection of this data prevented less modest results, and we expect to be able to achieve higher contrast ratios, with improved inner working angles, simply by operating a CID at a world-class observing site. However, CIDs do not directly provide any PSF suppression. Therefore, combining CID imaging with a simple PSF suppression technique like angular differential imaging, could provide a cheap and easy alternative to the complex ECR techniques currently being employed.

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Section: Charge Injection Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Charge Injection Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Charge Injection Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extreme Contrast Ratio Imaging of Sirius with a Charge Injection Device

Batcheldor

Foadi

Bahr

et al. 2016

PASP

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Charge Injection Device Performance in Low-Earth Orbit

Batcheldor

Sawant

Jenne³

et al. 2020

PASP

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Charge Injection Devices (CIDs) have demonstrated direct contrast ratios in excess of 1:20 million from suboptimal ground-based astronomical observations. CIDs are therefore interesting prospects for obtaining direct images from a host of high contrast ratio celestial scenes. However, while CIDs are capable of much deeper contrast ratios, potentially exceeding 1:1 billion, they do not address the Inner Working Angle (IWA) problem. If the Point-Spread Function (PSF) of a bright target is not well understood and accounted for, then the IWA will be large and nearby faint objects, like exoplanets, will be challenging to observe regardless of the detector used. As Earth's atmosphere is a major contributor to the variability of a PSF, high contrast ratio imaging with small IWAs will be best achieved in space. Therefore, if CIDs are to be used on future space-telescopes, they must be flight qualified in the space environment and shown to be at the appropriate Technology Readiness Level (TRL). Here we report the results of an 8 months CID technology demonstration mission that used the Nano-Racks External Platform mounted to the Kibo Exposed Facility on-board the International Space Station. Over the course of the 236 days mission we find no significant on-orbit changes of CID performance in terms of dark current, linearity, read noise, and photon transfer efficiency. As a result, CIDs are now space-qualified to TRL-8 and can be considered for future space telescopes.

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<title>Charge injection devices for use in astronomy</title>

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Extreme Contrast Ratio Imaging of Sirius with a Charge Injection Device

Extreme Contrast Ratio Imaging of Sirius with a Charge Injection Device

Charge Injection Device Performance in Low-Earth Orbit

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