&lt;title&gt;Computer modeling of light distributions for diverse PDT applicators&lt;/title&gt;

Kobe, Dagmar; Spaniol, S.; Beyer, Wolfgang; Ertmer, W.

doi:10.1117/12.168708

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…In addition, it is necessary to consider body tissues as a bulk medium, where the light propagation can suffer the processes of refraction, reflection, absorption and scattering [ 135 ]. Refraction that is governed by Snell’s law [ 210 ] and reflection from the interface between two media governed by Fresnel’s law [ 211 ] show processes that are proportional to the angle of incidence; i.e one can minimize them by applying the light beam perpendicular to the interface between the two media [ 135 , 212 ]. According to [ 213 ], reflection and refraction process impacts on the loss of intensity are determined by the relative values of their refractive indices.…”

Section: Bio-effects Of Apdt and Pefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for biofilm treatments. Possible synergy between aPDT and pulsed electric fields

Melo

Celiešiūtė-Germanienė

Šimonis

et al. 2021

Virulence

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Currently, microbial biofilms have been the cause of a wide variety of infections in the human body, reaching 80% of all bacterial and fungal infections. The biofilms present specific properties that increase the resistance to antimicrobial treatments. Thus, the development of new approaches is urgent, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been shown as a promising candidate. aPDT involves a synergic association of a photosensitizer (PS), molecular oxygen and visible light, producing highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause the oxidation of several cellular components. This therapy attacks many components of the biofilm, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids present within the biofilm matrix; causing inhibition even in the cells that are inside the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Recent advances in designing new PSs to increase the production of ROS and the combination of aPDT with other therapies, especially pulsed electric fields (PEF), have contributed to enhanced biofilm inhibition. The PEF has proven to have antimicrobial effect once it is known that extensive chemical reactions occur when electric fields are applied. This type of treatment kills microorganisms not only due to membrane rupture but also due to the formation of reactive compounds including free oxygen, hydrogen, hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals. So, this review aims to show the progress of aPDT and PEF against the biofilms, suggesting that the association of both methods can potentiate their effects and overcome biofilm infections.

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