&lt;title&gt;Distributed optical fiber sensing of cracks in concrete&lt;/title&gt;

Hao-wu, Liu; Yang, Zhohui

doi:10.1117/12.318167

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…A breakthrough in distributed strain sensing was made in the 1990′s, with the development of sensing techniques based on Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering. Similar to earlier research, Brillouin and Rayleigh effects were first studied in the context of temperature sensing (e.g., [ 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ]), followed by strain sensing (e.g., [ 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 ]). Distributed sensing reached the market at the end of the XX and early XXI centuries.…”

Section: Second Generation: Discrete Short-gauge Long-gauge and Distr...mentioning

confidence: 80%

Concise Historic Overview of Strain Sensors Used in the Monitoring of Civil Structures: The First One Hundred Years

Glišić

2022

Sensors

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Strain is one of the most frequently monitored parameters in civil structural health monitoring (SHM) applications, and strain-based approaches were among the first to be explored and applied in SHM. There are multiple reasons why strain plays such an important role in SHM: strain is directly related to stress and deflection, which reflect structural performance, safety, and serviceability. Strain field anomalies are frequently indicators of unusual structural behaviors (e.g., damage or deterioration). Hence, the earliest concepts of strain sensing were explored in the mid-XIX century, the first effective strain sensor appeared in 1919, and the first onsite applications followed in the 1920′s. Today, one hundred years after the first developments, two generations of strain sensors, based on electrical and fiber-optic principles, firmly reached market maturity and established themselves as reliable tools applied in strain-based SHM. Along with sensor developments, the application methods evolved: the first generation of discrete sensors featured a short gauge length and provided a basis for local material monitoring; the second generation greatly extended the applicability and effectiveness of strain-based SHM by providing long gauge and one-dimensional (1D) distributed sensing, thus enabling global structural and integrity monitoring. Current research focuses on a third generation of strain sensors for two-dimensional (2D) distributed and quasi-distributed sensing, based on new advanced technologies. On the occasion of strain sensing centenary, and as an homage to all researchers, practitioners, and educators who contributed to strain-based SHM, this paper presents an overview of the first one hundred years of strain sensing technological progress, with the objective to identify relevant transformative milestones and indicate possible future research directions.

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Section: Second Generation: Discrete Short-gauge Long-gauge and Distr...mentioning

confidence: 80%

Concise Historic Overview of Strain Sensors Used in the Monitoring of Civil Structures: The First One Hundred Years

Glišić

2022

Sensors

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“…A great variety of tests have shown that the obliquelycrossed fibers are not broken during concrete cracking with the crack width of 1.2-9.6 mm [5,9]. These results mean that the optic-fiber pull out of the concrete during the whole of concrete cracking process.…”

Section: Nonlinear Micromechanical Modelmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The sensor has no distributed detecting function. Researchers at Sichuan University presented a novel obliquely-crossed optic-fiber sensing system based on the OTDR microbend attenuation principle for the first time [4][5][6]. A direct transduction mechanism of mechanics-optics coupling is adopted in it without any deformer or microbender (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical analysis and experiment of micromechanics and mechanics-optics coupling of distributed optic-fiber crack sensing

Hao-wu

Chen

Sun

et al. 2011

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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The micromechanical behaviors and mechanics-optics coupling effects of optic-fiber-concrete complex in the distributed optic-fiber sensing concrete-crack technology, which was used in health monitoring of Wu Gorge Bridge on Yangtze River and a large dam successfully, have been investigated. A micromechanical theoretical analysis method and micromechanical frictional contact bi-interface model, as well as a modified optical theoretical analysis method of the mechanics-optics coupling effects are presented. A series of verification experiments, including mechanical experiments and mechanics-optics coupling experiments, have been preformed. The results of micromechanical theoretical analysis and the analysis of the modified theory of mechanics-optics coupling along with mechanical and optical experimental data are shown to be in close agreement. Both the micromechanical theory and the modified theory of mechanics-optics coupling with their analysis methods can not only enhance credibility of this novel distributed sensing technology but also provide a way to understand its sensing mechanism and optimize its technical details and system. optic-fiber sensing, mechanics-optics coupling, micromechanics, health monitoring, concrete structure, crack detection Citation:Liu H W, Chen J, Sun M, et al. Theoretical analysis and experiment of micromechanics and mechanics-optics coupling of distributed optic-fiber crack sensing.

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“…It has the advantages of real-time monitoring, dynamic data logging, and high precision. Optical fiber sensing technology can be divided into two types: distributed and point [21][22][23]. Distributed optical fiber sensing technology for crack monitoring includes OTDR (optical time-domain reflectometer) [24,25], BOTDR (Brillouin optical timedomain reflectometer) [26,27], BOTDA (Brillouin optical time-domain analysis) [28][29][30], BOFDA (Brillouin optical frequency-domain analysis) [31], and BOCDA (Brillouin optical correlation-domain analysis) [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crack Detection of Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on BOFDA and FBG Sensors

Zhang

Xiong

2018

Shock and Vibration

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Reinforced concrete structural elements, as an important component of buildings and structures, require inspection for the purposes of crack detection which is an important part of structural health monitoring. Now existing crack detection methods usually use a single technology and can only detect internal or external cracks. In this paper, the authors propose a new sensing system combining BOFDA (Brillouin optical frequency-domain analysis) and FBG (fiber Bragg grating) technology, which are used to detect internal and surface cracks and their development in reinforced concrete structures, and an attempt is made to estimate the width of surface cracks. In these experiments, a special reinforced concrete beam structure was designed by the author for crack detection under load. Four continuous distributed optical fibers are fixed on the steel skeleton, which is located within the reinforced concrete beam. Three FBG sensors are fixed on the lower surface of the beam, near its centre. By analysing the sensor data, it can be found that the BOFDA-distributed fiber can be used to detect internal cracking before surface cracking, and the difference between scans can be used to judge the time of onset of internal cracking, but the relative error in position is about 5%, while the FBG sensor can detect the cracking time of microcracks on the lower surface in near-real-time and can be used to calculate the crack width. Through the experiment, it is found that if the combination of BOFDA and FBG technology is adopted, we can initially use the strain data obtained by multiple groups of BOFDA monitoring to predict the general location of the internal cracks, then to monitor the exact location of the surface cracks by FBG in the medium term, and to estimate the width of the final expansion of the cracks finally.

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<title>Distributed optical fiber sensing of cracks in concrete</title>

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Concise Historic Overview of Strain Sensors Used in the Monitoring of Civil Structures: The First One Hundred Years

Concise Historic Overview of Strain Sensors Used in the Monitoring of Civil Structures: The First One Hundred Years

Theoretical analysis and experiment of micromechanics and mechanics-optics coupling of distributed optic-fiber crack sensing

Crack Detection of Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on BOFDA and FBG Sensors

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